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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Source of the baroclinic waves in the southeast Indian Ocean
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2001
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 106, No. C5 ( 2001-05-15), p. 9145-9160
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 106, No. C5 ( 2001-05-15), p. 9145-9160
    Abstract: The dynamics of the seasonal and interannual sea level variability in the southeast Indian Ocean are investigated using a simple model of low‐frequency quasi‐geostrophic thermocline variability in order to determine whether the observed variability responds primarily to local or remote forcing. This region is important for climate studies, in relation to the interannual variations of the tropical oceans and atmosphere. The eastern Indian Ocean is directly forced by the strong seasonal monsoons as well as by a remote ocean forcing from the tropical Indian Ocean and by the western Pacific via the Indonesian Throughflow. As a result, the dynamics of the southeast Indian Ocean are unique, with unusually large variability and bands of energetic Rossby waves. The annual wave signal around 10°S is clearly marked and a band of propagating mesoscale variability between 20° and 35°S extends across the entire Indian Ocean, with characteristic timescales between 100 and 200 days. There is also strong interannual variability. To investigate the origin of the observed long baroclinic waves, we use a simple reduced gravity model allowing the radiation of long waves due to Ekman pumping and the radiation of long waves from the eastern boundary. Eastern boundary conditions are given by expendable bathythermograph data. In the band 10°–15°S the thermocline depth oscillation corresponds mainly to waves radiating from wind forcing in the east. Their amplitude is strongly damped west of 90°E. In the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean (STIO) the influence of free waves emanating from the eastern boundary is small but significant. In addition, a strong interannual signal appears to originate from Lombok Strait to the north and propagates southwestward into the STIO. In the band 20°–35°S the observed waves appear to be free waves generated by eastern boundary processes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2000JC900044
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2001
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Observability of fine-scale ocean dynamics in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2017
    In:  Ocean Science Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2017-01-13), p. 13-29
    Details
    In: Ocean Science, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2017-01-13), p. 13-29
    Abstract: Abstract. Technological advances in the recent satellite altimeter missions of Jason-2, SARAL/AltiKa and CryoSat-2 have improved their signal-to-noise ratio, allowing us to observe finer-scale ocean processes with along-track data. Here, we analyse the noise levels and observable ocean scales in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea, using spectral analyses of along-track sea surface height from the three missions. Jason-2 has a higher mean noise level with strong seasonal variations, with higher noise in winter due to the rougher sea state. SARAL/AltiKa has the lowest noise, again with strong seasonal variations. CryoSat-2 is in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) mode in the Mediterranean Sea but with lower-resolution ocean corrections; its statistical noise level is moderate with little seasonal variation. These noise levels impact on the ocean scales we can observe. In winter, when the mixed layers are deepest and the submesoscale is energetic, all of the altimeter missions can observe wavelengths down to 40–50 km (individual feature diameters of 20–25 km). In summer when the submesoscales are weaker, SARAL can detect ocean scales down to 35 km wavelength, whereas the higher noise from Jason-2 and CryoSat-2 blocks the observation of scales less than 50–55 km wavelength. This statistical analysis is completed by individual case studies, where filtered along-track altimeter data are compared with co-located glider and high-frequency (HF) radar data. The glider comparisons work well for larger ocean structures, but observations of the smaller, rapidly moving dynamics are difficult to co-locate in space and time (gliders cover 200 km in a few days, altimetry in 30 s). HF radar surface currents at Toulon measure the meandering Northern Current, and their good temporal sampling shows promising results in comparison to co-located SARAL altimetric currents. Techniques to separate the geostrophic component from the wind-driven ageostrophic flow need further development in this coastal band.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1812-0792
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/os-13-13-2017
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Variability in the southeast Indian Ocean from altimetry: Forcing mechanisms for the Leeuwin Current
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1998
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 103, No. C9 ( 1998-08-15), p. 18529-18544
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 103, No. C9 ( 1998-08-15), p. 18529-18544
    Abstract: Seasonal and interannual variability in the southeastern Indian Ocean is investigated with the aid of Topex/Poseidon (T/P) altimeter data for the 3‐year period 1993–1995. The annual Rossby wave signal around 10°S is clearly marked, and consistent with modelling and Geosat results from earlier periods. A band of higher mesoscale variability between 20° and 35°S extends across the entire Indian Ocean, with characteristic timescales between 120 and 180 days and length scales of order 500 km. Sea level anomalies are shown to propagate at around 1.5 to 2 times the theoretical linear Rossby wave speed, with an associated signal in sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, and the propagation suggests that the variability is not locally forced but originates near the eastern boundary. Altimeter data is also used to examine variations in the alongshore pressure gradient, thought to be the principal mechanism forcing the Leeuwin Current poleward against the prevailing equatorward winds. The T/P data confirms that the alongshore pressure gradient is maximum in May when the Leeuwin Current is strongest, but we find a consistent secondary peak in November which is not evident in the climatological data. There is also significant interannual variation, related to large interannual variations on the Australian Northwest Shelf. The seasonal and interannual variations also influence the thermal structure of the instabilities associated with the Leeuwin Current, which may be the source of the westward propagating anomalies between 20°S and 35°S. The results compare well with satellite SST and in situ XBT data at the eastern boundary and suggest that satellite data can be used to monitor the variability of the Leeuwin Current.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/98JC00783
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1998
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    SSG: 16,13
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Separation of quasi-semiannual Rossby waves from the eastern boundary of the Indian Ocean
    Journal of Marine Research/Yale ; 2003
    In:  Journal of Marine Research Vol. 61, No. 6 ( 2003-11-01), p. 707-723
    Details
    In: Journal of Marine Research, Journal of Marine Research/Yale, Vol. 61, No. 6 ( 2003-11-01), p. 707-723
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-2402 , 1543-9542
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1357/002224003322981110
    Language: English
    Publisher: Journal of Marine Research/Yale
    Publication Date: 2003
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    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fine Resolution Altimetry Data for a Regional Application in the Bay of Biscay
    Informa UK Limited ; 2011
    In:  Marine Geodesy Vol. 34, No. 3-4 ( 2011-07-01), p. 447-476
    Details
    In: Marine Geodesy, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 34, No. 3-4 ( 2011-07-01), p. 447-476
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0149-0419 , 1521-060X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/01490419.2011.584835
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2011
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Benefits of the Ka-Band as Evidenced from the SARAL/AltiKa Altimetric Mission: Scientific Applications
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2018-01-24), p. 163-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2018-01-24), p. 163-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs10020163
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
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