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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prevalence and Characteristics of Earthquake-Related Head Injuries: A Systematic Review
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2022
    In:  Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness Vol. 16, No. 3 ( 2022-06), p. 1253-1258
    Details
    In: Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 16, No. 3 ( 2022-06), p. 1253-1258
    Abstract: We conducted a systematic review to determine the prevalence and characteristics of earthquake-associated head injuries for better disaster preparedness and management. Methods: We searched for all publications related to head injuries and earthquakes from 1985 to 2018 in MEDLINE and other major databases. A search was conducted using “earthquakes,” “wounds and injuries,” and “cranio-cerebral trauma” as a medical subject headings. Results: Included in the analysis were 34 articles. With regard to the commonly occurring injuries, earthquake-related head injury ranks third among patients with earthquake-related injuries. The most common trauma is lower extremity (36.2%) followed by upper extremity (19.9%), head (16.6%), spine (13.1%), chest (11.3%), and abdomen (3.8%). The most common earthquake-related head injury was laceration or contusion (59.1%), while epidural hematoma was the most common among inpatients with intracranial hemorrhage (9.5%) followed by intracerebral hematoma (7.0%), and subdural hematoma (6.8%). Mortality rate was 5.6%. Conclusion: Head injuries were found to be a commonly occurring trauma along with extremity injuries. This knowledge is important for determining the demands for neurosurgery and for adequately managing patients, especially in resource-limited conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1935-7893 , 1938-744X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2021.31
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2375268-3
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Incidence of Acute Respiratory Infections during Disasters in the Absence and Presence of COVID-19 Pandemic
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2022
    In:  Prehospital and Disaster Medicine Vol. 37, No. 1 ( 2022-02), p. 142-144
    Details
    In: Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 37, No. 1 ( 2022-02), p. 142-144
    Abstract: Japan recently experienced two major heavy rain disasters: the West Japan heavy rain disaster in July 2018 and the Kumamoto heavy rain disaster in July 2020. Between the occurrences of these two disasters, Japan began experiencing the wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, providing a unique opportunity to compare the incidence of acute respiratory infection (ARI) between the two disaster responses under distinct conditions. Sources for Information: The data were collected by using the standard disaster medical reporting system used in Japan, so-called the Japan-Surveillance in Post-Extreme Emergencies and Disasters (J-SPEED), which reports number and types of patients treated by Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs). Data for ARI were extracted from daily aggregated data on the J-SPEED form and the frequency of ARI in two disasters was compared. Observation: Acute respiratory infection in the West Japan heavy rain that occurred in the absence of COVID-19 and in the Kumamoto heavy rain that occurred in the presence of COVID-19 were responsible for 5.4% and 1.2% of the total consultation, respectively (P 〈 .001). Analysis of Observation and Conclusion: Between the occurrence of these two disasters, Japan implemented COVID-19 preventive measures on a personal and organizational level, such as wearing masks, disinfecting hands, maintaining social distance, improving room ventilation, and screening people who entered evacuation centers by using hygiene management checklists. By following the basic prevention measures stated above, ARI can be significantly reduced during a disaster.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1049-023X , 1945-1938
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1049023X22000085
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2162069-6
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Development of Standard Operation Procedures for Receiving International Emergency Medical Teams. Cooperation Between the United States National Disaster Medical System (NDMS) Disaster Medical Assistant Team (DMAT) and Japan DMAT
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2023
    In:  Prehospital and Disaster Medicine Vol. 38, No. S1 ( 2023-05), p. s33-s33
    Details
    In: Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 38, No. S1 ( 2023-05), p. s33-s33
    Abstract: Japan DMAT and US DMAT have been conducting several tabletop exercises to prepare for major earthquake disasters in Japan. Japan is predicting overwhelming disasters on Japanese soil soon, which needs efficient and optimum use of resources in medical assistance, including additional support from the US. The Japanese government established a large-scale Earthquake/Tsunami Disaster Emergency Response protocol in 2020. However, this protocol does not include any standard operation procedure (SOP) to receive an international medical team. The purpose of this study is to establish the SOP of receiving medical assistance from US-DMAT based on the WHO International Emergency Team (EMT) initiative through tabletop exercises. Method: Collaborated with the Office of the Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response (ASPR) of the United States Health and Human Services, tabletop exercises assuming that a large-scale earthquake occurred during the hosting of the 2025 Osaka Expo was conducted utilizing an online meeting system. Results: A provisional SOP was composed. Even though Japan had several disaster medical assistance collaborations with US DMAT and is well-familiarized with the Classification and Minimum Standards for Emergency Medical Teams", many issues need to be prepared to accept US DMAT. Conclusion: Numerous procedures need to be conducted to receive US DMAT assistance during a large-scale earthquake in Japan. With this SOP, receiving US medical team assistance will be conducted promptly, eventually saving many lives. This SOP can be modified for other international teams' acceptance in Japan. It could reference other countries seeking to have SOP for receiving international medical team assistance shortly.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1049-023X , 1945-1938
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1049023X23001243
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Current Status of the Japanese Disaster Medical Record
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2019
    In:  Prehospital and Disaster Medicine Vol. 34, No. s1 ( 2019-05), p. s114-s114
    Details
    In: Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 34, No. s1 ( 2019-05), p. s114-s114
    Abstract: There was no common medical record used in disasters in Japan. At the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, medical teams used their own medical records instead of a unified format and operational rules. As a result, confusion occurred at the clinical practice site. The Joint Committee on Medical Records proposed a standard format of disaster medical records in February 2015. The Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare has issued the notification of states’ use of a standardized medical record for disaster in 2017. It was confirmed that standardized disaster medical records were used by each organization in the 2018 Western Japan torrential rain disaster and the Hokkaido Iburi Eastern Earthquake, but the actual condition of those records was not clarified. Methods: We sent a questionnaire to the local governments where the medical team worked in 2018 Western Japan torrential rain disaster and the Hokkaido Iburi Eastern Earthquake. In the questionnaire, we asked about the operation and management of standardized disaster medical records at the time of the disaster and also questioned future management methods. Results: There was no use of other medical records. Standardized medical records were used in all records. All records were managed and operated by the disaster medical headquarters responsible for health care and welfare. Standardized disaster medical records were recorded on paper. Evacuees included patients who moved from shelter to shelter or to temporary housing to get better living conditions. That created difficulties transferring records since it was recorded on paper and stored in medical headquarters. Some returning patients were checked by several medical teams, resulting in the creation of several medical records of the same patient’s condition. Future improvements and management of the recording process and record-keeping are required.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1049-023X , 1945-1938
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1049023X19002425
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Investigation of the Receiving United States National Disaster Medical System (NDMS) Disaster Medical Assistant Team (DMAT) in Japan: Development of Standard Operation Procedures for Receiving International Medical Teams
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2022
    In:  Prehospital and Disaster Medicine Vol. 37, No. S2 ( 2022-11), p. s63-s63
    Details
    In: Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 37, No. S2 ( 2022-11), p. s63-s63
    Abstract: Japan DMAT and US DMAT have been collaborating in the past to prepare for expected and unexpected disasters in Japan. Japan is predicting overwhelming disasters on Japanese soil soon, which needs efficient and optimum use of resources in medical assistance, including additional support from overseas, particularly from the US. The Japanese government established a large-scale Earthquake/Tsunami Disaster Emergency Response protocol in 2020. However, this protocol does not include any standard operation procedure (SOP) to receive an international medical team. Objectives: Establishing the SOP of receiving medical assistance from US-DMAT based on the WHO International Emergency Team (EMT) initiative. Method/Description: Collaborated with the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR) of the United States Health and Human Services, tabletop exercises assuming that a large-scale earthquake occurred during hosting the 2025 Osaka Expo was conducted online meeting system. Results/Outcomes: Provisional SOP was formed by the Japan research team and ASPR representatives. Even though Japan had several disaster medical assistance collaborations with US DMAT and is well-familiarized with the Classification and Minimum Standards for Emergency Medical Teams, many issues need to be prepared to accept US DMAT. Conclusion: Numerous procedures need to be conducted to receive US DMAT assistance during a large-scale earthquake in Japan. With this SOP, receiving US medical team assistance will be conducted promptly, eventually saving many lives. This SOP can be modified for other international teams’ acceptance in Japan. It could reference other countries seeking to have SOPs for receiving international medical team assistance in the near future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1049-023X , 1945-1938
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1049023X22001625
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Mental health needs associated with COVID-19 on the diamond princess cruise ship: A case series recorded by the disaster psychiatric assistance team
    Elsevier BV ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction Vol. 81 ( 2022-10), p. 103250-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, Elsevier BV, Vol. 81 ( 2022-10), p. 103250-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2212-4209
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103250
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2695877-6
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  • 7
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    Emergency Medical Team Response during the Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake 2018: J-SPEED Data Analysis
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2023
    In:  Prehospital and Disaster Medicine Vol. 38, No. 3 ( 2023-06), p. 332-337
    Details
    In: Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 38, No. 3 ( 2023-06), p. 332-337
    Abstract: In the last ten years, Japan has experienced several large-scale earthquakes with devastating social and health impacts. Earthquakes directly and indirectly cause a variety of health problems. Further investigation is required to increase preparedness and preventive efforts. In response to the Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake on September 6, 2018, 32 Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs) employed the Japanese version of Surveillance in Post-Extreme Emergencies and Disasters (J-SPEED) as a national standard daily reporting template, gathering data on the number and type of health problems treated. Study Objective: The purpose of the study is to conduct a descriptive epidemiology study using the J-SPEED data to better understand the health problems during the earthquake disaster. Methods: Reported items in J-SPEED (Ver 1.0) form were analyzed by age, gender, and time to better understand the health issues that have arisen from the earthquake. Results: Most consultations (721; 97.6%) occurred between Day 1 and Day 13 of the 32-day EMT response. During the response period, disaster stress-related symptoms were the most common health event (15.2%), followed by wounds (14.5%) and skin diseases (7.0%). Conclusion: The most often reported health event during the response period was stress-associated illnesses related to disasters, followed by wounds and skin conditions. The health consequences of natural disasters depend on diverse local environment and population. As a result, this initial study was hard to generalize; however, it is expected that data accumulated using the J-SPEED system in the future will strengthen and extend the conclusions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1049-023X , 1945-1938
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1049023X23000432
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Emergency Medical Teams’ Responses during the West Japan Heavy Rain 2018: J-SPEED Data Analysis
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2022
    In:  Prehospital and Disaster Medicine Vol. 37, No. 2 ( 2022-04), p. 205-211
    Details
    In: Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 37, No. 2 ( 2022-04), p. 205-211
    Abstract: Rainfall-induced floods and landslides accounted for 20.7% of all disaster events in Japan from 1985 through 2018 and caused a variety of health problems, both directly and indirectly, including injuries, infectious diseases, exacerbation of pre-existing medical conditions, and psychological issues. More evidence of health problems caused by floods or heavy rain is needed to improve preparedness and preventive measures; however, collecting health data surrounding disaster events is a major challenge due to environmental hazards, logistical constraints, political and economic issues, difficulties in communication among stakeholders, and cultural barriers. In response to the West Japan Heavy Rain in July 2018, Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs) used Japan - Surveillance in Post-Extreme Emergencies and Disasters (J-SPEED) as a daily reporting template, collecting data on the number and type of patients they treated and sending it to an EMT coordination cell (EMTCC) during the response. Study Objective: The aim of the study was to conduct a descriptive epidemiology study using J-SPEED data to better understand the health problems during floods and heavy rain disasters. Methods: The number and types of health problems treated by EMTs in accordance with the J-SPEED (Ver 1.0) form were reported daily by 85 EMTs to an EMTCC, where data were compiled during the West Japan Heavy Rain from July 8 through September 11, 2018. Reported items in the J-SPEED form were analyzed by age, gender, area (prefecture), and time period. Results: The analysis of J-SPEED data from the West Japan Heavy Rain 2018 revealed the characteristics of a total of 3,617 consultations with the highest number of consultations (2,579; 71.3%) occurring between Day 5 and Day 12 of the 65-day EMT response. During the response period, skin disease was the most frequently reported health event (17.3%), followed by wounds (14.3%), disaster stress-related symptoms (10.0%), conjunctivitis (6.3%), and acute respiratory infections (ARI; 5.4%). Conclusion: During the response period, skin disease was the most frequently reported health event, followed by wounds, stress, conjunctivitis, and ARIs. The health impacts of a natural disaster are determined by a variety of factors, and the current study’s findings are highly context dependent; however, it is expected that as more data are gathered, the consistency of finding will increase.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1049-023X , 1945-1938
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1049023X22000231
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Predicting the Demand for Medical Care in Disaster-Affected Areas using the Minimum Data Set and Machine Learning
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2022
    In:  Prehospital and Disaster Medicine Vol. 37, No. S2 ( 2022-11), p. s108-s108
    Details
    In: Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 37, No. S2 ( 2022-11), p. s108-s108
    Abstract: The Minimum Data Set (MDS) has allowed governments of disaster-affected countries to collect, examine, and evaluate standardized medical data from Emergency Medical Teams in real-time. However, little study has been conducted on the use of MDS data to predict health care needs. Objectives: This research proposes an outlook on the use of machine learning and MDS data to predict the need for medical care in disaster-affected areas. Method/Description: The characteristics of the data collected by MDS and the optimal machine learning model were discussed. Results/Outcomes: The primary causes of disease after disasters are trauma (MDS Nos. 4–8), which frequently occurs immediately after a disaster, and infectious diseases (MDS Nos. 9–18), which can increase due to decreasing hygiene conditions. Furthermore, certain infectious diseases can spread quickly because of living in congested evacuation centers, and early detection is crucial. Therefore, predicting the need for medical care in a disaster area is complicated and requires a combination of many machine-learning models. Data-driven methods are mostly linear approaches and cannot capture the dynamics of infectious disease transmission. Additionally, statistical models depend heavily on assumptions, making real-time infection prediction challenging. Thus, deep learning is employed to model without losing the temporal component. Conclusion: Real-time prediction of health care needs using machine learning and MDS can be useful to policymakers by enabling them to better deploy and allocate health care resources, which is useful to patients and front-line health care providers. More detailed predictions for regions and diseases are also anticipated.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1049-023X , 1945-1938
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1049023X22002072
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 10
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    Mental Health Needs Associated with COVID-19 on the Diamond Princess Cruise Ship: A Case Series Recorded by the Disaster Psychiatric Assistance Team
    Elsevier BV ; 2022
    In:  SSRN Electronic Journal
    Details
    In: SSRN Electronic Journal, Elsevier BV
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1556-5068
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4080529
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2022
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