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  • 1
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    Executive Summary of Stroke Statistics in Korea 2018: A Report from the Epidemiology Research Council of the Korean Stroke Society
    Korean Stroke Society ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Stroke Vol. 21, No. 1 ( 2019-01-31), p. 42-59
    Details
    In: Journal of Stroke, Korean Stroke Society, Vol. 21, No. 1 ( 2019-01-31), p. 42-59
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2287-6391 , 2287-6405
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5853/jos.2018.03125
    Language: English
    Publisher: Korean Stroke Society
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2814366-8
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  • 2
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    Benefit of Targeting a LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) Cholesterol 〈70 mg/dL During 5 Years After Ischemic Stroke
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2020
    In:  Stroke Vol. 51, No. 4 ( 2020-04), p. 1231-1239
    Details
    In: Stroke, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 51, No. 4 ( 2020-04), p. 1231-1239
    Abstract: The TST trial (Treat Stroke to Target) evaluated the benefit of targeting a LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol of 〈 70 mg/dL to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in 2860 patients with ischemic stroke with atherosclerotic stenosis of cerebral vasculature or aortic arch plaque 〉 4 mm, in a French and Korean population. The follow-up lasted a median of 5.3 years in French patients (similar to the median follow-up time in the SPARCL trial [Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Level]) and 2.0 years in Korean patients. Exposure duration to statin is a well-known driver for cardiovascular risk reduction. We report here the TST results in the French cohort. Methods— One thousand seventy-three French patients were assigned to 〈 70 mg/dL (1.8 mmol/L) and 1075 to 100±10 mg/dL (90–110 mg/dL, 2.3–2.8 mmol/L). To achieve these goals, investigators used the statin and dosage of their choice and added ezetimibe on top if needed. The primary outcome was the composite of ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, new symptoms requiring urgent coronary or carotid revascularization and vascular death. Results— After a median follow-up of 5.3 years, the achieved LDL cholesterol was 66 (1.69 mmol/L) and 96 mg/dL (2.46 mmol/L) on average, respectively. The primary end point occurred in 9.6% and 12.9% of patients, respectively (HR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.57–0.94]; P =0.019). Cerebral infarction or urgent carotid revascularization following transient ischemic attack was reduced by 27% ( P =0.046). Cerebral infarction or intracranial hemorrhage was reduced by 28% ( P =0.023). The primary outcome or intracranial hemorrhage was reduced by 25% ( P =0.021). Intracranial hemorrhages occurred in 13 and 11 patients, respectively (HR, 1.17 [95% CI, 0.53–2.62]; P =0.70). Conclusions— After an ischemic stroke of documented atherosclerotic origin, targeting a LDL cholesterol of 〈 70 mg/dL during 5.3 years avoided 1 subsequent major vascular event in 4 (number needed to treat of 30) and no increase in intracranial hemorrhage. Registration— URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT01252875.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0039-2499 , 1524-4628
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.028718
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467823-8
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  • 3
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    Intracranial Hemorrhage in the TST Trial
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2022
    In:  Stroke Vol. 53, No. 2 ( 2022-02), p. 457-462
    Details
    In: Stroke, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 53, No. 2 ( 2022-02), p. 457-462
    Abstract: Although statins are effective in secondary prevention of ischemic stroke, they are also associated with an increase risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in certain conditions. In the TST trial (Treat Stroke to Target), we prespecified an exploration of the predictors of incident ICH. Methods: Patients with ischemic stroke in the previous 3 months or transient ischemic attack within the previous 15 days and evidence of cerebrovascular or coronary artery atherosclerosis were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to a target LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol of 〈 70 mg/dL or 100±10 mg/dL, using statin or ezetimibe. Results: Among 2860 patients enrolled, 31 incident ICH occurred over a median follow-up of 3 years (18 and 13 in the lower and higher target group, 3.21/1000 patient-years [95% CI, 2.38–4.04] and 2.32/1000 patient-years [95% CI, 1.61–3.03] , respectively). While there were no baseline predictors of ICH, uncontrolled hypertension (HR, 2.51 [95% CI, 1.01–6.31], P =0.041) and being on anticoagulant (HR, 2.36 [95% CI, 1.00–5.62], P =0.047)] during the trial were significant predictors. On-treatment low LDL cholesterol was not a predictor of ICH. Conclusions: Targeting an LDL cholesterol of 〈 70 mg/dL compared with 100±10 mg/dL in patients with atherosclerotic ischemic stroke nonsignificantly increased the risk of ICH. Incident ICHs were not associated with low LDL cholesterol. Uncontrolled hypertension and anticoagulant therapy were associated with ICH which has important clinical implications. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT01252875; EUDRACT identifier: 2009-A01280-57.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0039-2499 , 1524-4628
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.121.035846
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 4
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    More Than 50 Percent Reduction in LDL Cholesterol in Patients With Target LDL 〈70 mg/dL After a Stroke
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2023
    In:  Stroke Vol. 54, No. 8 ( 2023-08), p. 1993-2001
    Details
    In: Stroke, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 54, No. 8 ( 2023-08), p. 1993-2001
    Abstract: Whether a strategy to target an LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol 〈 70 mg/dL is more effective when LDL is reduced 〉 50% from baseline rather than 〈 50% from baseline has not been investigated. METHODS: The Treat Stroke to Target trial was conducted in France and South Korea in 61 sites between March 2010 and December 2018. Patients with ischemic stroke in the previous 3 months or transient ischemic attack within the previous 15 days and evidence of cerebrovascular or coronary artery atherosclerosis were randomly assigned to a target LDL cholesterol of 〈 70 mg/dL or 100±10 mg/dL, using statin and/or ezetimibe as needed. We used the results of repeated LDL measurements (median, 5 [2–6] per patient) during 3.9 years (interquartile range, 2.1–6.8) of follow-up. The primary outcome was the composite of ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, new symptoms requiring urgent coronary or carotid revascularization, and vascular death. Cox regression model including lipid-lowering therapy as a time-varying variable, after adjustment for randomization strategy, age, sex, index event (stroke or transient ischemic attack), and time since the index event. RESULTS: Among 2860 patients enrolled, patients in the lower target group who had 〉 50% LDL cholesterol reduction from baseline during the trial had a higher baseline LDL cholesterol and a lower LDL cholesterol achieved as compared to patients who had 〈 50% LDL cholesterol reduction (155±32 and 62 mg/dL versus 121±34 and 74 mg/dL, respectively, P 〈 0.001 for both). In the 〈 70 mg/dL target group, patients with 〉 50% LDL reduction had a significant reduction in the primary outcome as compared to the higher target group (hazard ratio, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.43–0.88]; P =0.007) and patients with 〈 50% LDL reduction from baseline had little reduction (hazard ratio, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.73–1.26]; P =0.75). CONCLUSIONS: In this post hoc analysis of the TST trial, targeting an LDL cholesterol of 〈 70 mg/dL reduced the risk of primary outcome compared with 100±10 mg/dL provided LDL cholesterol reduction from baseline was superior to 50%, thereby suggesting that the magnitude of LDL cholesterol reduction was as important to consider as the target level to achieve. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT01252875. URL: https://clinicaltrialsregister.eu ; Unique identifier: EUDRACT2009-A01280-57.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0039-2499 , 1524-4628
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.123.042621
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 5
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    Intravenous Thrombolysis in Patients With Ischemic Stroke and Recent Ingestion of Direct Oral Anticoagulants
    American Medical Association (AMA) ; 2023
    In:  JAMA Neurology Vol. 80, No. 3 ( 2023-03-01), p. 233-
    Details
    In: JAMA Neurology, American Medical Association (AMA), Vol. 80, No. 3 ( 2023-03-01), p. 233-
    Abstract: International guidelines recommend avoiding intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in patients with ischemic stroke who have a recent intake of a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC). Objective To determine the risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) associated with use of IVT in patients with recent DOAC ingestion. Design, Setting, and Participants This international, multicenter, retrospective cohort study included 64 primary and comprehensive stroke centers across Europe, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand. Consecutive adult patients with ischemic stroke who received IVT (both with and without thrombectomy) were included. Patients whose last known DOAC ingestion was more than 48 hours before stroke onset were excluded. A total of 832 patients with recent DOAC use were compared with 32 375 controls without recent DOAC use. Data were collected from January 2008 to December 2021. Exposures Prior DOAC therapy (confirmed last ingestion within 48 hours prior to IVT) compared with no prior oral anticoagulation. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was sICH within 36 hours after IVT, defined as worsening of at least 4 points on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and attributed to radiologically evident intracranial hemorrhage. Outcomes were compared according to different selection strategies (DOAC-level measurements, DOAC reversal treatment, IVT with neither DOAC-level measurement nor idarucizumab). The association of sICH with DOAC plasma levels and very recent ingestions was explored in sensitivity analyses. Results Of 33 207 included patients, 14 458 (43.5%) were female, and the median (IQR) age was 73 (62-80) years. The median (IQR) National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 9 (5-16). Of the 832 patients taking DOAC, 252 (30.3%) received DOAC reversal before IVT (all idarucizumab), 225 (27.0%) had DOAC-level measurements, and 355 (42.7%) received IVT without measuring DOAC plasma levels or reversal treatment. The unadjusted rate of sICH was 2.5% (95% CI, 1.6-3.8) in patients taking DOACs compared with 4.1% (95% CI, 3.9-4.4) in control patients using no anticoagulants. Recent DOAC ingestion was associated with lower odds of sICH after IVT compared with no anticoagulation (adjusted odds ratio, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.36-0.92). This finding was consistent among the different selection strategies and in sensitivity analyses of patients with detectable plasma levels or very recent ingestion. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, there was insufficient evidence of excess harm associated with off-label IVT in selected patients after ischemic stroke with recent DOAC ingestion.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2168-6149
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.4782
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 6
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    Characteristics of the Drip-and-Ship Paradigm for Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke in South Korea
    Elsevier BV ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Vol. 25, No. 11 ( 2016-11), p. 2678-2687
    Details
    In: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Elsevier BV, Vol. 25, No. 11 ( 2016-11), p. 2678-2687
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1052-3057
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.07.015
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052957-0
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  • 7
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    Dual antiplatelet Use for extended period taRgeted to AcuTe ischemic stroke with presumed atherosclerotic OrigiN (DURATION) trial: Rationale and design
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Stroke Vol. 18, No. 8 ( 2023-10), p. 1015-1020
    Details
    In: International Journal of Stroke, SAGE Publications, Vol. 18, No. 8 ( 2023-10), p. 1015-1020
    Abstract: The optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with clopidogrel-aspirin for the large artery atherosclerotic (LAA) stroke subtype has been debated. Aims: To determine whether the 1-year risk of recurrent vascular events could be reduced by a longer duration of DAPT in patients with the LAA stroke subtype. Methods and study design: A total of 4806 participants will be recruited to detect a statistically significant relative risk reduction of 22% with 80% power and a two-sided alpha error of 0.05, including a 10% loss to follow-up. This is a registry-based, multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded end point study designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a 12-month duration of DAPT compared with a 3-month duration of DAPT in the LAA stroke subtype. Patients will be randomized (1:1) to either DAPT for 12 months or DAPT for 3 months, followed by monotherapy (either aspirin or clopidogrel) for the remaining 9 months. Study outcomes: The primary efficacy outcome of the study is a composite of stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic), myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality for 1 year after the index stroke. The secondary efficacy outcomes are (1) stroke, (2) ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, (3) hemorrhagic stroke, and (4) all-cause mortality. The primary safety outcome is major bleeding. Discussion: This study will help stroke physicians determine the appropriate duration of dual therapy with clopidogrel-aspirin for patients with the LAA stroke subtype. Trial registration: URL: https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris . CRIS Registration Number: KCT0004407
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1747-4930 , 1747-4949
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/17474930231168742
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2211666-7
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  • 8
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    Abstract WP98: Utilization Of Perfusion Imaging For Acute Ischemic Stroke: Secular Trends And Effects On Outcomes Of Endovascular Treatment
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2023
    In:  Stroke Vol. 54, No. Suppl_1 ( 2023-02)
    Details
    In: Stroke, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 54, No. Suppl_1 ( 2023-02)
    Abstract: Introduction: Perfusion imaging (PI) could guide decision-making for endovascular treatment (EVT) of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, PI was underused even in the US before the pivotal EVT trials proved its usefulness in 2018. This study aimed to describe the secular trends of PI utilization and investigate the effectiveness of PI-based EVT in real-world practice. Methods: Using a prospective multicenter (n=17) stroke registry in South Korea, we identified patients with AIS who presented within 24 hours from onset between 2011 and 2021. The study period was divided into 3 epochs: 2011-2014, 2015-2017, and 2018-2021. The study population was divided into the early (arrival within 6 hours) and late window (6-24 hours) groups. Results: A total of 51,650 patients (15,654 patients in 2011-2014, 14,432 patients in 2015-2017, and 21,564 patients in 2018-2021) were analyzed. Utilization of PI decreased in the overall population and early window group ( P trend 〈 0.001); 43.3% and 54.1% in 2011-2014, 40.1% and 44.1% in 2015-2017, and 38.4% and 40.2% in 2018-2021, respectively; but increased in the late window group ( P trend 〈 0.001); 31.3% in 2011-2014, 35.7% in 2015-2017, and 36.5% in 2018-2021. Of 10,872 patients with anterior large-vessel occlusion (aLVO), the EVT rate was not different between patients with and without PI (48.7% vs. 46.6%, P =0.08) in the early window but higher in those with PI than without PI in the late window (29.8% vs. 18.7%, P 〈 0.001). The EVT outcome (3-month mRS 0-2) was not different between patients with and without PI in the early window (44.1% vs. 41.8%, P =0.21) and late window (38.4% vs. 39.2%, P =0.81). Propensity score analysis and instrumental variable analysis with PI rate per center as an instrument will be performed to adjust imbalances between patients with and without PI. Conclusion: Between 2011 and 2021 in South Korea, PI utilization has decreased in patients arriving within 6 hours from onset but has increased in those arriving between 6 and 24 hours. Among patients with aLVO, PI likely increased the EVT rate in the late window but did not in the early window. PI utilization did not seem to affect the EVT outcomes, but in-depth analysis is required.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0039-2499 , 1524-4628
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1161/str.54.suppl_1.WP98
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467823-8
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  • 9
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    Comparative effectiveness of combined antiplatelet treatments in acute minor ischaemic stroke
    BMJ ; 2022
    In:  Stroke and Vascular Neurology Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2022-02), p. 13-21
    Details
    In: Stroke and Vascular Neurology, BMJ, Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2022-02), p. 13-21
    Abstract: No study has thoroughly compared the effectiveness of combined antiplatelet treatments (other than clopidogrel–aspirin) versus clopidogrel–aspirin or aspirin alone for early secondary prevention in acute ischaemic stroke. Methods We identified patients with acute, minor, non-cardiogenic ischaemic stroke treated with aspirin alone, clopidogrel–aspirin or other combination treatment. Propensity scores considering the inverse probability of treatment weighting were used to adjust for baseline imbalances. The primary outcome was the composite of all strokes (ischaemic or haemorrhagic), myocardial infarction and all-cause mortality at 3 months. Results Among 12 234 patients (male: 61.9%; age: 65.5±13 years) who met the eligibility criteria, aspirin, clopidogrel–aspirin and other combination treatments were administered in 52.2%, 42.9% and 4.9% of patients, respectively. In the crude analysis, the primary outcome event at 3 months occurred in 14.5% of the other combination group, 14.4% of the aspirin group and 13.0% of the clopidogrel–aspirin group. In the weighted Cox proportional hazards analysis, the 3-month primary outcome event occurred less frequently in the clopidogrel–aspirin group than in the other combination group (weighted HR: 0.82 (0.59–1.13)), while no association was found between the aspirin group (weighted HR: 1.04 (0.76–1.44)) or other combination group and the 3-month primary outcome. Conclusion Other combined antiplatelet treatment, compared with aspirin alone or clopidogrel–aspirin, was not associated with reduced risks of primary composite vascular events or recurrent stroke during the first 3 months after stroke. Therefore, the results suggest that other combination treatments, particularly the cilostazol-based combination, may not be effective alternatives for clopidogrel–aspirin to prevent early vascular events in patients with acute minor stroke. Further exploration in clinical trials will be needed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2059-8688 , 2059-8696
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1136/svn-2020-000841
    Language: English
    Publisher: BMJ
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2847692-X
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  • 10
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    Data_Sheet_1.PDF
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Neurology Vol. 13 ( 2022-8-5)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Neurology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-8-5)
    Abstract: There is much uncertainty in endovascular treatment (EVT) decisions in patients with acute large vessel occlusion (LVO) and mild neurological deficits. Methods From a prospective, nationwide stroke registry, all patients with LVO and baseline NIHSS & lt;6 presenting within 24 h from the time last known well (LKW) were included. Early neurological deterioration (END) developed before EVT was prospectively collected as an increasing total NIHSS score ≥2 or any worsening of the NIHSS consciousness or motor subscores during hospitalization not related to EVT. Significant hemorrhage was defined as PH2 hemorrhagic transformation or hemorrhage at a remote site. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was prospectively collected at 3 months. Results Among 1,083 patients, 149 (14%) patients received EVT after a median of 5.9 [3.6–12.3] h after LKW. In propensity score-matched analyses, EVT was not associated with mRS 0-1 (matched OR 0.99 [0.63–1.54] ) but increased the risk of a significant hemorrhage (matched OR, 4.51 [1.59–12.80]). Extraneous END occurred in 207 (19%) patients after a median of 24.5 h [IQR, 13.5–41.9 h] after LKW (incidence rate, 1.41 [95% CI, 1.23–1.62] per 100 person-hours). END unrelated to EVT showed a tendency to modify the effectiveness of EVT (P-for-interaction, 0.08), which decreased the odds of having mRS 0–1 in mild LVO patients without END (adjusted OR, 0.63 [0.40–0.99] ). Conclusions The use of EVT in patients with acute LVO and low NIHSS scores may require the assessment of individual risks of early deterioration, hemorrhagic complications and expected benefit.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-2295
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.955725
    DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.955725.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2564214-5
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