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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Untangling the fungal niche: the trait-based approach
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2014
    In:  Frontiers in Microbiology Vol. 5 ( 2014-10-31)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Microbiology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 5 ( 2014-10-31)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-302X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00579
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2587354-4
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Biogeographic patterns in below-ground diversity in New York City's Central Park are similar to those observed globally
    The Royal Society ; 2014
    In:  Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Vol. 281, No. 1795 ( 2014-11-22), p. 20141988-
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 281, No. 1795 ( 2014-11-22), p. 20141988-
    Abstract: Soil biota play key roles in the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, however, compared to our knowledge of above-ground plant and animal diversity, the biodiversity found in soils remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we present an assessment of soil biodiversity and biogeographic patterns across Central Park in New York City that spanned all three domains of life, demonstrating that even an urban, managed system harbours large amounts of undescribed soil biodiversity. Despite high variability across the Park, below-ground diversity patterns were predictable based on soil characteristics, with prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities exhibiting overlapping biogeographic patterns. Further, Central Park soils harboured nearly as many distinct soil microbial phylotypes and types of soil communities as we found in biomes across the globe (including arctic, tropical and desert soils). This integrated cross-domain investigation highlights that the amount and patterning of novel and uncharacterized diversity at a single urban location matches that observed across natural ecosystems spanning multiple biomes and continents.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-8452 , 1471-2954
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1988
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1460975-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 25
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Environmental stress response limits microbial necromass contributions to soil organic carbon
    Elsevier BV ; 2015
    In:  Soil Biology and Biochemistry Vol. 85 ( 2015-06), p. 153-161
    Details
    In: Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Elsevier BV, Vol. 85 ( 2015-06), p. 153-161
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0038-0717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.03.002
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498740-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 280810-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Species associations overwhelm abiotic conditions to dictate the structure and function of wood‐decay fungal communities
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Ecology Vol. 99, No. 4 ( 2018-04), p. 801-811
    Details
    In: Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 99, No. 4 ( 2018-04), p. 801-811
    Abstract: Environmental conditions exert strong controls on the activity of saprotrophic microbes, yet abiotic factors often fail to adequately predict wood decomposition rates across broad spatial scales. Given that species interactions can have significant positive and negative effects on wood‐decay fungal activity, one possibility is that biotic processes serve as the primary controls on community function, with abiotic controls emerging only after species associations are accounted for. Here we explore this hypothesis in a factorial field warming‐ and nitrogen‐addition experiment by examining relationships among wood decomposition rates, fungal activity, and fungal community structure. We show that functional outcomes and community structure are largely unrelated to abiotic conditions, with microsite and plot‐level abiotic variables explaining at most 19% of the total variability in decomposition and fungal activity, and 2% of the variability in richness and evenness. In contrast, taxonomic richness, evenness, and species associations (i.e., co‐occurrence patterns) exhibited strong relationships with community function, accounting for 52% of the variation in decomposition rates and 73% in fungal activity. A greater proportion of positive vs. negative species associations in a community was linked to strong declines in decomposition rates and richness. Evenness emerged as a key mediator between richness and function, with highly even communities exhibiting a positive richness–function relationship and uneven communities exhibiting a negative or null response. These results suggest that community‐assembly processes and species interactions are important controls on the function of wood‐decay fungal communities, ultimately overwhelming substantial differences in abiotic conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-9658 , 1939-9170
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2018.99.issue-4
    DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2165
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1797-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2010140-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reply to Veresoglou: Overdependence on “significance” testing in biology
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2015
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 112, No. 37 ( 2015-09-15)
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 112, No. 37 ( 2015-09-15)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1513283112
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Biotic interactions mediate soil microbial feedbacks to climate change
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2015
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 112, No. 22 ( 2015-06-02), p. 7033-7038
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 112, No. 22 ( 2015-06-02), p. 7033-7038
    Abstract: Decomposition of organic material by soil microbes generates an annual global release of 50–75 Pg carbon to the atmosphere, ∼7.5–9 times that of anthropogenic emissions worldwide. This process is sensitive to global change factors, which can drive carbon cycle–climate feedbacks with the potential to enhance atmospheric warming. Although the effects of interacting global change factors on soil microbial activity have been a widespread ecological focus, the regulatory effects of interspecific interactions are rarely considered in climate feedback studies. We explore the potential of soil animals to mediate microbial responses to warming and nitrogen enrichment within a long-term, field-based global change study. The combination of global change factors alleviated the bottom-up limitations on fungal growth, stimulating enzyme production and decomposition rates in the absence of soil animals. However, increased fungal biomass also stimulated consumption rates by soil invertebrates, restoring microbial process rates to levels observed under ambient conditions. Our results support the contemporary theory that top-down control in soil food webs is apparent only in the absence of bottom-up limitation. As such, when global change factors alleviate the bottom-up limitations on microbial activity, top-down control becomes an increasingly important regulatory force with the capacity to dampen the strength of positive carbon cycle–climate feedbacks.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1502956112
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Predicting the responsiveness of soil biodiversity to deforestation: a cross‐biome study
    Wiley ; 2014
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 20, No. 9 ( 2014-09), p. 2983-2994
    Details
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 20, No. 9 ( 2014-09), p. 2983-2994
    Abstract: The consequences of deforestation for aboveground biodiversity have been a scientific and political concern for decades. In contrast, despite being a dominant component of biodiversity that is essential to the functioning of ecosystems, the responses of belowground biodiversity to forest removal have received less attention. Single‐site studies suggest that soil microbes can be highly responsive to forest removal, but responses are highly variable, with negligible effects in some regions. Using high throughput sequencing, we characterize the effects of deforestation on microbial communities across multiple biomes and explore what determines the vulnerability of microbial communities to this vegetative change. We reveal consistent directional trends in the microbial community response, yet the magnitude of this vegetation effect varied between sites, and was explained strongly by soil texture. In sandy sites, the difference in vegetation type caused shifts in a suite of edaphic characteristics, driving substantial differences in microbial community composition. In contrast, fine‐textured soil buffered microbes against these effects and there were minimal differences between communities in forest and grassland soil. These microbial community changes were associated with distinct changes in the microbial catabolic profile, placing community changes in an ecosystem functioning context. The universal nature of these patterns allows us to predict where deforestation will have the strongest effects on soil biodiversity, and how these effects could be mitigated.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.2014.20.issue-9
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12565
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020313-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Growing the urban forest: tree performance in response to biotic and abiotic land management
    Wiley ; 2015
    In:  Restoration Ecology Vol. 23, No. 5 ( 2015-09), p. 707-718
    Details
    In: Restoration Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 23, No. 5 ( 2015-09), p. 707-718
    Abstract: Forests are vital components of the urban landscape because they provide ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, storm‐water mitigation, and air‐quality improvement. To enhance these services, cities are investing in programs to create urban forests. A major unknown, however, is whether planted trees will grow into the mature, closed‐canopied forest on which ecosystem service provision depends. We assessed the influence of biotic and abiotic land management on planted tree performance as part of urban forest restoration in New York City, U.S.A . Biotic treatments were designed to improve tree growth, with the expectation that higher tree species composition (six vs. two) and greater stand complexity (with shrubs vs. without) would facilitate tree performance. Similarly, the abiotic treatment (compost amendment vs. without) was expected to increase tree performance by improving soil conditions. Growth and survival was measured for approximately 1,300 native saplings across three growing seasons. The biotic and abiotic treatments significantly improved tree performance, where shrub presence increased tree height for five of the six tree species, and compost increased basal area and stem volume of all species. Species‐specific responses, however, highlighted the difficulty of achieving rapid growth with limited mortality. Pioneer species had the highest growth in stem volume over 3 years (up to 3,500%), but also the highest mortality (up to 40%). Mid‐successional species had lower mortality ( 〈 16%), but also the slowest growth in volume (approximately 500% in volume). Our results suggest that there will be trade‐offs between optimizing tree growth versus survival when implementing urban tree planting initiatives.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1061-2971 , 1526-100X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/rec.2015.23.issue-5
    DOI: 10.1111/rec.12230
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020952-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 914746-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A stoichiometric approach to estimate sources of mineral‐associated soil organic matter
    Wiley ; 2024
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 30, No. 1 ( 2024-01)
    Details
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 30, No. 1 ( 2024-01)
    Abstract: Mineral‐associated soil organic matter (MAOM) is the largest, slowest cycling pool of carbon (C) in the terrestrial biosphere. MAOM is primarily derived from plant and microbial sources, yet the relative contributions of these two sources to MAOM remain unresolved. Resolving this issue is essential for managing and modeling soil carbon responses to environmental change. Microbial biomarkers, particularly amino sugars, are the primary method used to estimate microbial versus plant contributions to MAOM, despite systematic biases associated with these estimates. There is a clear need for independent lines of evidence to help determine the relative importance of plant versus microbial contributions to MAOM. Here, we synthesized 288 datasets of C/N ratios for MAOM, particulate organic matter (POM), and microbial biomass across the soils of forests, grasslands, and croplands. Microbial biomass is the source of microbial residues that form MAOM, whereas the POM pool is the direct precursor of plant residues that form MAOM. We then used a stoichiometric approach—based on two‐pool, isotope‐mixing models—to estimate the proportional contribution of plant residue (POM) versus microbial sources to the MAOM pool. Depending on the assumptions underlying our approach, microbial inputs accounted for between 34% and 47% of the MAOM pool, whereas plant residues contributed 53%–66%. Our results therefore challenge the existing hypothesis that microbial contributions are the dominant constituents of MAOM. We conclude that biogeochemical theory and models should account for multiple pathways of MAOM formation, and that multiple independent lines of evidence are required to resolve where and when plant versus microbial contributions are dominant in MAOM formation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.v30.1
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17092
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020313-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Modelling the multidimensional niche by linking functional traits to competitive performance
    The Royal Society ; 2015
    In:  Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Vol. 282, No. 1811 ( 2015-07-22), p. 20150516-
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 282, No. 1811 ( 2015-07-22), p. 20150516-
    Abstract: Linking competitive outcomes to environmental conditions is necessary for understanding species' distributions and responses to environmental change. Despite this importance, generalizable approaches for predicting competitive outcomes across abiotic gradients are lacking, driven largely by the highly complex and context-dependent nature of biotic interactions. Here, we present and empirically test a novel niche model that uses functional traits to model the niche space of organisms and predict competitive outcomes of co-occurring populations across multiple resource gradients. The model makes no assumptions about the underlying mode of competition and instead applies to those settings where relative competitive ability across environments correlates with a quantifiable performance metric. To test the model, a series of controlled microcosm experiments were conducted using genetically related strains of a widespread microbe. The model identified trait microevolution and performance differences among strains, with the predicted competitive ability of each organism mapped across a two-dimensional carbon and nitrogen resource space. Areas of coexistence and competitive dominance between strains were identified, and the predicted competitive outcomes were validated in approximately 95% of the pairings. By linking trait variation to competitive ability, our work demonstrates a generalizable approach for predicting and modelling competitive outcomes across changing environmental contexts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-8452 , 1471-2954
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.0516
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1460975-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 25
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