Note: Intro -- Series Editor's Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Subject of the Book -- 1.2 Purpose of the Book and Contribution to Science -- 1.3 Structure of the Book -- Further Reading -- 2 e-Government: The Concept, the Environment and Critical Issues for the Back-Office Systems -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Environment of Public Administration -- 2.3 Developing e-Government-Models and Levels of Development -- 2.3.1 The Three Rings Model -- 2.3.2 The Model of Focus and Centrality -- 2.3.3 The 5 Levels of e-Government Development -- 2.3.4 The Model of 13 Levels of Digital Service Integration -- 2.4 Towards an Electronic Public Administration: The Roadmap -- 2.5 Critical Issues for e-Government -- 2.6 Back-Office Systems Development-Critical Issues for the Greek Case -- 2.6.1 e-Administration-The Current Back-Office in Greece -- 2.6.2 The Current Situation for the Personnel of the Public Administration in Greece -- 2.6.3 Description of the Support System -- 2.6.4 Benefits of the System-Perspectives -- 2.6.5 Critical Issues for the System Development -- References -- 3 Semantic Web: The Evolution of the Web and the Opportunities for the e-Government -- 3.1 The Internet as the Foundation for Service Providing -- 3.2 The Web as an Internet Service-Historical and Technological References -- 3.3 From Web to Web 2.0 -- 3.4 The Road to Web 3.0 and Web X.0 -- 3.5 Web 2.0 Versus Web 3.0: A Comparative Analysis -- 3.5.1 Web 2.0 as a Collaborative Interactive Platform -- 3.5.2 Web 2.0 Technologies -- 3.5.3 The Semantic Web: Making Data Meaningful -- 3.5.4 The Levels of the Semantic Web -- 3.5.5 The Basic Technologies Used in the Semantic Web -- 3.5.6 Web 1.0-2.0-3.0: A Comparative Presentation -- 3.6 Semantic Web Applications -- 3.7 Advantages and Challenges for the Semantic Web -- 3.8 Benefits from the Application of the Semantic Web. , 3.9 Opportunities for e-Government from the Implementation of Semantic Web Solutions -- References -- 4 Representation and Knowledge Management for the Benefit of e-Government-Opportunities Through the Tools of the Semantic Web -- 4.1 Knowledge and e-Government-Competitive Advantage for the Public Sector -- 4.1.1 Knowledge as a Concept -- 4.1.2 Knowledge Creation -- 4.1.3 Knowledge Coding -- 4.2 Knowledge Management in Terms of Semantic Web-Critical Issues for Their Application in e-Government -- 4.2.1 The Concept "Knowledge Management" -- 4.2.2 Critical Issues for the Implementation of Knowledge Management in the Public Sector -- 4.2.3 Knowledge Management Procedures -- 4.2.4 Knowledge Management Systems -- 4.3 Semantic Tools for Knowledge Management in the Domain of Public Administration -- 4.3.1 The RDF Data Model -- 4.3.2 RDF Schema Specification Language -- 4.3.3 The URI and URI's Use -- 4.3.4 Web Ontology Language-OWL -- 4.3.5 Reasoning Tools -- 4.4 Modelling and Extraction of Knowledge in the Field of e-Government-Our Proposal as "The e-Government Ontology" -- 4.4.1 The e-Government Ontology Motivation -- 4.4.2 The Ontology Development in Protégé 4.3 -- 4.5 Knowledge Acquisition from "The e-Government Ontology" -- 4.5.1 SPARQL -- 4.5.2 SPARQL-DL in OWL2 Query Tab of Protégé -- 4.5.3 DL Query Tool of Protégé -- 4.6 Evaluation of Ontology -- 4.6.1 Categorization of the Ontology -- 4.6.2 Basic Principles of Design -- 4.6.3 Methodology of the Ontology Development -- 4.7 Semantic Modelling in the Domain of Official Statistics -- 4.7.1 The Official Statistics Domain -- 4.7.2 Developing an Ontology for the Modelling of Knowledge in the Field of Official Statistics of the ELS -- 4.7.3 Results -- 4.7.4 Assessment and Evaluation of Ontology -- 4.8 Knowledge Representation in the Internal Audit Field -- 4.8.1 Introduction and Motivation. , 4.8.2 Presentation of the Audit Field -- 4.8.3 Modelling of Knowledge Within the Auditing Sector -- 4.8.4 Examples of the Application of Restrictions, Rules and Queries in Ontology -- 4.8.5 Evaluation-Assessment of Ontology -- 4.8.6 Conclusions -- References -- 5 Towards Open Data and Open Governance-Representation of Knowledge and Triplification of Data in the Field of the Greek Open Government Data -- 5.1 From e-Government Towards Open Government -- 5.2 Benefits-Perspectives from the Opening of Government Data -- 5.3 The Case of Greek Open Government Data -- 5.4 Critical Issues for Opening Government Data -- 5.4.1 Basic Rules -- 5.4.2 Basic Steps for Opening Government Data -- 5.4.3 A Proposal for Linked Open Government Data -- 5.5 The Open Data Ontology-Our Proposal for the Case of the Greek Open Data Repository -- 5.5.1 Introduction and Motivation -- 5.5.2 The Ontology Implementation in Protége -- 5.5.3 Ontology Evaluation -- 5.6 Open Data Triplification-The Case of the Greek Open Data from the "Diavgeia Program" -- 5.6.1 Introduction -- 5.6.2 Relevant Tools -- 5.6.3 Triplification-The Case of Open Data by the "Diavgeia Program -- 5.6.4 Conclusions -- 5.7 Open Data Repositories-The Case of the e-Government Ontology Publishing as an Open Ontology in CKAN -- 5.7.1 Methodology-Steps for the Development of the CKAN Repository -- 5.7.2 Opening Data Through CKAN: The Case of Publishing-Opening e-Government Ontology -- References -- 6 Production and Publication of Linked Open Data: The Case of Open Ontologies -- 6.1 Linked Open Data -- 6.1.1 Semantic Web, Linked Data and Linked Open Data-The Fundamental Rules -- 6.1.2 The Way That Linked Data Work -- 6.1.3 Linking Information Resources to Other Resources Through Redirection -- 6.1.4 Basic Steps for Publishing Linked Open Data -- 6.2 Linked Open Data Tools -- 6.2.1 Apache Jena and Apache Fuseki Server. , 6.2.2 Eclipse RDF4J Framework -- 6.2.3 Pubby -- 6.2.4 Apache Tomcat -- 6.2.5 D2R Server and D2RQ Mapping Language -- 6.2.6 OpenLink Virtuoso Server and Virtuoso Open Source Server -- 6.2.7 Comparison of the Basic Tools -- 6.3 Triplification-The Case of Production of RDF Triples from Data in Relational Databases in National Municipal Registry -- 6.3.1 Motivation -- 6.3.2 The Case of the National Municipal Registry -- 6.3.3 Triplification-Steps and Methodology -- 6.3.4 Conclusions and Future Work -- 6.4 RDF Serialisation from JSON Data-The Case of JSON Data in Diavgeia.gov.gr -- 6.4.1 Introduction -- 6.4.2 JSON Versus JSON-LD -- 6.4.3 Producing RDF Triples out of JSON Data -- 6.4.4 Conclusion-Future Work -- 6.5 Publication of Linked Data: The Case of the Open Ontology for Open Government -- 6.5.1 Create SparqL EndPoint and Publish Linked Open Data Using Fuseki and Pubby Server -- 6.5.2 Ontology Publish as Linked Open Data -- 6.6 Publication of Open Ontology in the LOD Cloud -- 6.6.1 Create a SparqL Endpoint Through OpenLink Virtuoso -- 6.6.2 Publication of the e-Government Ontology in the LOD Cloud -- 6.6.3 Publication of the Ontology in Linked Open Vocabularies -- 6.7 Conclusions -- 6.7.1 Pubby Operation -- 6.7.2 Benefits of Publishing the Ontology for Open Government as Open Data -- References -- 7 Education and e-Government-The Case of a Moodle Based Platform for the Education and Evaluation of Civil Servants -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Current Situation in the Education of Civil Servants in Greece -- 7.3 e-Training in e-Government -- 7.4 The Wiki as a Means of Education and Knowledge Management in Public Institutions -- 7.5 Suggested Wiki Implementation Through Moodle -- References -- 8 Conclusions-Future Work -- Appendix -- A.1 Customization of the Configuration CKAN File (production.ini). , A.2 Configuration File of Pubby Server (Access in a SparqL Endpoint in the Same Machine) -- A.3 Configuration File of Pubby Server (Access in a Remote SparqL Endpoint) -- A.4 Summary of Key Open Government Licence Sites.