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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Phytoplankton responses to increasing Arctic river discharge under the present and future climate simulations
    IOP Publishing ; 2023
    In:  Environmental Research Letters Vol. 18, No. 6 ( 2023-06-01), p. 064037-
    Details
    In: Environmental Research Letters, IOP Publishing, Vol. 18, No. 6 ( 2023-06-01), p. 064037-
    Abstract: In recent decades, the unprecedented rate of Arctic warming has accelerated the high-latitude landmass hydrological cycle, leading to increased river discharge into the Arctic Ocean. This study elucidates the role of Arctic river discharge, which was the large model uncertainty in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6, for the phytoplankton responses in present-day and future climate simulations by adding fresh water into the model. In the present-day climate simulation, additional river discharge decreases the spring phytoplankton biomass. Freshening of Arctic seawater facilitates freezing, increasing sea ice concentration in spring and eventually decreasing phytoplankton due to less availability of light. On the other hand, in the summer, phytoplankton increases due to the surplus of surface nitrate and the increase in the vertical mixing induced by the reduced summer sea ice melting water. In the future climate, the plankton response to the additional freshwater input is similar to the present-day climate. Nevertheless, the major phytoplankton responses are shifted from the Eurasian Basin to the Canada Basin and the East-Siberian Sea, mainly due to the marginal sea ice zone shift from the Barents-Kara Sea to the East Siberian-Chukchi Sea in the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1748-9326
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/acd568
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2255379-4
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Role of cloud feedback in continental warming response to CO2 physiological forcing
    American Meteorological Society ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Climate ( 2021-08-25), p. 1-49
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, ( 2021-08-25), p. 1-49
    Abstract: Stomatal closure is a major physiological response to the increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), which can lead to surface warming by regulating surface energy fluxes—a phenomenon known as CO 2 physiological forcing. The magnitude of land surface warming caused by physiological forcing is substantial and varies across models. Here we assess the continental warming response to CO 2 physiological forcing and quantify the resultant climate feedback using carbon–climate simulations from phases 5 and 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, with a focus on identifying the cause of inter-model spread. It is demonstrated that the continental (40°–70°N) warming response to the physiological forcing in summer (~0.55 K) is amplified primarily due to cloud feedback (~1.05 K), whereas the other climate feedbacks, ranged from –0.57 K to 0.20 K, show relatively minor contributions. In addition, the strength of cloud feedback varies considerably across models, which plays a primary role in leading large diversity of the continental warming response to the physiological forcing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0025.1
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0025.s1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Importance of Human-Induced Nitrogen Flux Increases for Simulated Arctic Warming
    American Meteorological Society ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 34, No. 10 ( 2021-05), p. 3799-3819
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 34, No. 10 ( 2021-05), p. 3799-3819
    Abstract: Human activities such as fossil fuel combustion, land-use change, nitrogen (N) fertilizer use, emission of livestock, and waste excretion accelerate the transformation of reactive N and its impact on the marine environment. This study elucidates that anthropogenic N fluxes (ANFs) from atmospheric and river deposition exacerbate Arctic warming and sea ice loss via physical–biological feedback. The impact of physical–biological feedback is quantified through a suite of experiments using a coupled climate–ocean–biogeochemical model (GFDL-CM2.1-TOPAZ) by prescribing the preindustrial and contemporary amounts of riverine and atmospheric N fluxes into the Arctic Ocean. The experiment forced by ANFs represents the increase in ocean N inventory and chlorophyll concentrations in present and projected future Arctic Ocean relative to the experiment forced by preindustrial N flux inputs. The enhanced chlorophyll concentrations by ANFs reinforce shortwave attenuation in the upper ocean, generating additional warming in the Arctic Ocean. The strongest responses are simulated in the Eurasian shelf seas (Kara, Barents, and Laptev Seas; 65°–90°N, 20°–160°E) due to increased N fluxes, where the annual mean surface temperature increase by 12% and the annual mean sea ice concentration decrease by 17% relative to the future projection, forced by preindustrial N inputs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0180.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone precipitation bias on ENSO phase transition
    IOP Publishing ; 2014
    In:  Environmental Research Letters Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2014-05-01), p. 064008-
    Details
    In: Environmental Research Letters, IOP Publishing, Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2014-05-01), p. 064008-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1748-9326
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/9/6/064008
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2255379-4
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impact of volcanic eruptions on extratropical atmospheric circulations: review, revisit and future directions
    IOP Publishing ; 2023
    In:  Environmental Research Letters Vol. 18, No. 6 ( 2023-06-01), p. 063003-
    Details
    In: Environmental Research Letters, IOP Publishing, Vol. 18, No. 6 ( 2023-06-01), p. 063003-
    Abstract: Understanding the impacts of volcanic eruptions on the atmospheric circulations and surface climate in the extratropics is important for inter-annual to decadal climate prediction. Previous studies on the Northern Hemisphere climate responses to volcanic eruptions have shown that volcanic eruptions likely induce northern Eurasian warming through the intensified Arctic polar vortex in the stratosphere and the positive phase of Arctic Oscillation/North Atlantic Oscillation in the troposphere. However, large uncertainties remain and the detailed physical processes have yet to be determined. The circulation responses in the Southern Hemisphere also remain controversial with large differences between the observed and model-simulated results. In this paper, we review previous studies on the extratropical circulation and surface climate responses to volcanic eruptions and update our understanding by examining the latest observational datasets and climate model simulations. We also propose new insights into the crucial role of the latitude of volcanic eruptions in determining the extratropical circulation changes, which has received less attention. Finally, we discuss uncertainty factors that may have important implications to the extratropical circulation responses to volcanic eruptions and suggest future directions to resolve those issues through systematic model experiments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1748-9326
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/acd5e6
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2255379-4
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Role of Oscillating Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds: Global Ocean Circulation
    American Meteorological Society ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 33, No. 6 ( 2020-03-15), p. 2111-2130
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 33, No. 6 ( 2020-03-15), p. 2111-2130
    Abstract: In the framework of a sea ice–ocean general circulation model coupled to an energy balance atmospheric model, an intensity oscillation of Southern Hemisphere (SH) westerly winds affects the global ocean circulation via not only the buoyancy-driven teleconnection (BDT) mode but also the Ekman-driven teleconnection (EDT) mode. The BDT mode is activated by the SH air–sea ice–ocean interactions such as polynyas and oceanic convection. The ensuing variation in the Antarctic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) that is indicative of the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) formation exerts a significant influence on the abyssal circulation of the globe, particularly the Pacific. This controls the bipolar seesaw balance between deep and bottom waters at the equator. The EDT mode controlled by northward Ekman transport under the oscillating SH westerly winds generates a signal that propagates northward along the upper ocean and passes through the equator. The variation in the western boundary current (WBC) is much stronger in the North Atlantic than in the North Pacific, which appears to be associated with the relatively strong and persistent Mindanao Current (i.e., the southward flowing WBC of the North Pacific tropical gyre). The North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) formation is controlled by salt advected northward by the North Atlantic WBC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0364.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tropical Pacific Decadal Variability Induced by Nonlinear Rectification of El Niño–Southern Oscillation
    American Meteorological Society ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 33, No. 17 ( 2020-09-01), p. 7289-7302
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 33, No. 17 ( 2020-09-01), p. 7289-7302
    Abstract: On the basis of 32 long-term simulations with state-of-the-art coupled GCMs, we investigate the relationship between tropical Pacific decadal variability (TPDV) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The first empirical orthogonal function (EOF) mode for the 11-yr moving sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the coupled models is commonly characterized by El Niño–like decadal variability with Bjerknes air–sea interaction. However, the second EOF mode can be separated into two groups, such that 1) some models have a zonal dipole SST pattern and 2) other models are characterized by a meridional dipole pattern. We found that models with the zonal dipole pattern in the second mode tend to simulate strong ENSO amplitude and asymmetry in comparison with those of the other models. Also, the residual patterns, which are defined as the summation of El Niño and La Niña SST composite anomalies, are very similar to the decadal dipole pattern, which suggests that ENSO residuals can cause the dipole decadal variability. It is found that decadal modulation of ENSO variability in these models strongly depends on the phase of the dipole decadal variability. The decadal changes in ENSO residual correspond well with the decadal changes in the dipole pattern, and the nonlinear dynamic heating terms by ENSO anomalies are well matched with the decadal dipole pattern.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0123.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Double-Peaked El Niño and Its Physical Processes
    American Meteorological Society ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 34, No. 4 ( 2021-02), p. 1291-1303
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 34, No. 4 ( 2021-02), p. 1291-1303
    Abstract: Recently, El Niño diversity has been paid much attention because of its different global impacts. However, most studies have focused on a single warm peak in sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs), either in the central Pacific or the eastern Pacific Ocean. Here, we demonstrate from observational analyses that several recent El Niño events show double warm peaks in SSTA—called “double-peaked (DP) El Niño”—that have only been observed since 2000. The DP El Niño has two warm centers, which grow concurrently but separately, in both the central and eastern Pacific. In general, the atmospheric and oceanic patterns of the DP El Niño are similar to those of the warm-pool (WP) El Niño from the development phase, such that the central Pacific peak is developed by the zonal advective feedback and reduced wind speed anomalies. However, a distinctive difference exists in the eastern Pacific where the DP El Niño has a second SSTA peak. In addition, the DP El Niño shows more distinctive anomalous precipitation along the Pacific intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) when compared with the WP El Niño. We demonstrate that the peculiar precipitation anomalies along the Pacific ITCZ play a critical role in enhancing the equatorial westerly wind stress anomalies, which help to develop the eastern SSTA peak by deepening the thermocline in the eastern Pacific.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0402.1
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0402.s1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Role of the Climatological North Pacific High in the North Tropical Atlantic–ENSO Connection
    American Meteorological Society ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 35, No. 20 ( 2022-10-15), p. 3215-3226
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 35, No. 20 ( 2022-10-15), p. 3215-3226
    Abstract: Observational and climate model analysis showed that the anomalous sea surface temperature in the north tropical Atlantic (NTA) in boreal spring can trigger El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the subsequent winter. Similarly, the climate models participating in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) are known to reasonably simulate the NTA effect. Nevertheless, the strengths of the NTA effect on ENSO among the climate models are also diverse. In this light, we revisited the possible causes that contributed to the different NTA effects on ENSO in the CMIP5 climate models. We found that the strength of the NTA triggering ENSO in the climate model tended to be proportional to the intensity of the climatological subtropical North Pacific high system in boreal spring. The stronger climatological subtropical North Pacific high accompanied enhanced trade wind, precipitation reduction, and cold sea surface temperature over the subtropics. Under these conditions, the moist static energy feedback process, also known as the moist enthalpy advection mechanism, effectively operated around the Pacific intertropical convergence zone. That is, the NTA-induced signals in the subtropical North Pacific readily intruded into the deep tropical Pacific with the aid of the feedback processes, leading to an ENSO event. Consistent with the CMIP5 analysis results, the observed NTA effect on ENSO became stronger during the decades when the climatological North Pacific subtropical high intensified, underpinning the importance of climatology in the subtropical North Pacific in the NTA–ENSO connection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0933.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Record-breaking summer rainfall in South Korea in 2020: Synoptic characteristics and the role of large-scale circulations
    American Meteorological Society ; 2021
    In:  Monthly Weather Review ( 2021-07-01)
    Details
    In: Monthly Weather Review, American Meteorological Society, ( 2021-07-01)
    Abstract: In the summer of 2020, South Korea experienced record-breaking rainfall due to 15 consecutive heavy rainfall events (HREs) from mid-June to early September. Among them, 11 HREs occurred in late June to mid-August with distinct synoptic characteristics depending on the occurrence period. All HREs from 29 June to 27 July (P1) were triggered by extratropical cyclones, while those from 28 July to 15 August (P2) mainly occurred along monsoon rainband. We argue that their transition is associated with atmospheric teleconnections. During P1, the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) anomalously extended westward, but its northward expansion was hindered by the meridional wave train from the suppressed convection over the South China Sea. This condition prevented a northward migration of the monsoon rainband but allowed more extratropical cyclones to pass over the Korean Peninsula, resulting in four HREs. During P2, the South China Sea convection was enhanced, and its circulation response prompted an abrupt northward expansion of the WNPSH with a large pressure gradient along its northern boundary. With intensified southwesterly moisture transport, a monsoon rainband was activated over the Korean Peninsula, producing six HREs. The opposite phases of the summer North Atlantic Oscillation, i.e., negative in P1 but positive in P2, further contributed to the anomalous monsoon circulation by modulating the mid-latitude circulation response to the South China Sea convection. This study demonstrates that the nature of summertime HREs in East Asia can be strongly modulated by remote forcings.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-0644 , 1520-0493
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-21-0051.1
    DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-21-0051.s1
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033056-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 202616-8
    SSG: 14
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