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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Newark :John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated,
    Keywords: Geobiology. ; Biosphere. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (481 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781118280867
    DDC: 508
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- FUNDAMENTALS OF GEOBIOLOGY -- Contents -- Contributors -- 1. What is Geobiology? -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Life interacting with the Earth -- 1.3 Pattern and process in geobiology -- 1.4 New horizons in geobiology -- References -- 2. The Global Carbon Cycle: Biological Processes -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 A brief primer on redox reactions -- 2.3 Carbon as a substrate for biological reactions -- 2.4 The evolution of photosynthesis -- 2.5 The evolution of oxygenic phototrophs -- 2.6 Net primary production -- 2.7 What limits NPP on land and in the ocean? -- 2.8 Is NPP in balance with respiration? -- 2.9 Conclusions and extensions -- References -- 3. The Global Carbon Cycle: Geological Processes -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Organic carbon cycling -- 3.3 Carbonate cycling -- 3.4 Mantle degassing -- 3.5 Metamorphism -- 3.6 Silicate weathering -- 3.7 Feedbacks -- 3.8 Balancing the geological carbon cycle -- 3.9 Evolution of the geological carbon cycle through Earth's history: proxies and models -- 3.10 The geological C cycle through time -- 3.11 Limitations and perspectives -- References -- 4. The Global Nitrogen Cycle -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Geological nitrogen cycle -- 4.3 Components of the global nitrogen cycle -- 4.4 Nitrogen redox chemistry -- 4.5 Biological reactions of the nitrogen cycle -- 4.6 Atmospheric nitrogen chemistry -- 4.7 Summary and areas for future research -- References -- 5. The Global Sulfur Cycle -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The global sulfur cycle from two perspectives -- 5.3 The evolution of S metabolisms -- 5.4 The interaction of S with other biogeochemical cycles -- 5.5 The evolution of the S cycle -- 5.6 Closing remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 6. The Global Iron Cycle -- 6.1 Overview -- 6.2 The inorganic geochemistry of iron: redox and reservoirs -- 6.3 Iron in modern biology and biogeochemical cycles. , 6.4 Iron through time -- 6.5 Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 7. The Global Oxygen Cycle -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The chemistry and biochemistry of oxygen -- 7.3 The concept of redox balance -- 7.4 The modern O2 cycle -- 7.5 Cycling of O2 and H2 on the early Earth -- 7.6 Synthesis: speculations about the timing and cause of the rise of atmospheric O2 -- References -- 8. Bacterial Biomineralization -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Mineral nucleation and growth -- 8.3 How bacteria facilitate biomineralization -- 8.4 Iron oxyhydroxides -- 8.5 Calcium carbonates -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 9. Mineral-Organic-Microbe Interfacial Chemistry -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 The mineral surface (and mineral-bio interface) and techniques for its study -- 9.3 Mineral-organic-microbe interfacial processes: some key examples -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 10. Eukaryotic Skeletal Formation -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Mineralization by unicellular organisms -- 10.3 Mineralization by multicellular organisms -- 10.4 A brief history of skeletons -- 10.5 Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 11. Plants and Animals as Geobiological Agents -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Land plants as geobiological agents -- 11.3 Animals as geobiological agents -- 11.4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 12. A Geobiological View of Weathering and Erosion -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Effects of biota on weathering -- 12.3 Effects of organic molecules on weathering -- 12.4 Organomarkers in weathering solutions -- 12.5 Elemental profiles in regolith -- 12.6 Time evolution of profile development -- 12.7 Investigating chemical, physical, and biological weathering with simple models -- 12.8 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 13. Molecular Biology's Contributions to Geobiology -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Molecular approaches used in geobiology. , 13.3 Case study: anaerobic oxidation of methane -- 13.4 Challenges and opportunities for the next generation -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 14. Stable Isotope Geobiology -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Isotopic notation and the biogeochemical elements -- 14.3 Tracking fractionation in a system -- 14.4 Applications -- 14.5 Using isotopes to ask a geobiological question in deep time -- 14.6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 15. Biomarkers: Informative Molecules for Studies in Geobiology -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Origins of biomarkers -- 15.3 Diagenesis -- 15.4 Isotopic compositions -- 15.5 Stereochemical considerations -- 15.6 Lipid biosynthetic pathways -- 15.7 Classification of lipids -- 15.8 Lipids diagnostic of Archaea -- 15.9 Lipids diagnostic of Bacteria -- 15.10 Lipids of Eukarya -- 15.11 Preservable cores -- 15.12 Outlook -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 16. The Fossil Record of Microbial Life -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 The nature of Earth's early microbial record -- 16.3 Paleobiological inferences from microfossil morphology -- 16.4 Inferences from microfossil chemistry and ultrastructure (new technologies) -- 16.5 Inferences from microbialites -- 16.6 A brief history, with questions -- 16.7 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 17. Geochemical Origins of Life -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Emergence as a unifying concept in origins research -- 17.3 The emergence of biomolecules -- 17.4 The emergence of macromolecules -- 17.5 The emergence of self-replicating systems -- 17.6 The emergence of natural selection -- 17.7 Three scenarios for the origins of life -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 18. Mineralogical Co-evolution of the Geosphere and Biosphere -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Prebiotic mineral evolution I - evidence from meteorites -- 18.3 Prebiotic mineral evolution II - crust and mantle reworking. , 18.4 The anoxic Archean biosphere -- 18.5 The Great Oxidation Event -- 18.6 A billion years of stasis -- 18.7 The snowball Earth -- 18.8 The rise of skeletal mineralization -- 18.9 Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 19. Geobiology of the Archean Eon -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Carbon cycle -- 19.3 Sulfur cycle -- 19.4 Iron cycle -- 19.5 Oxygen cycle -- 19.6 Nitrogen cycle -- 19.7 Phosphorus cycle -- 19.8 Bioaccretion of sediment -- 19.9 Bioalteration -- 19.10 Conclusions -- References -- 20. Geobiology of the Proterozoic Eon -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 The Great Oxidation Event -- 20.3 The early Proterozoic: Era geobiology in the wake of the GOE -- 20.4 The mid-Proterozoic: a last gasp of iron formations, deep ocean anoxia, the 'boring' billion, and a mid-life crisis -- 20.5 The history of Proterozoic life: biomarker records -- 20.6 The history of Proterozoic life: mid-Proterozoic fossil record -- 20.7 The late Proterozoic: a supercontinent, oxygen, ice, and the emergence of animals -- 20.8 Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 21. Geobiology of the Phanerozoic -- 21.1 The beginning of the Phanerozoic Eon -- 21.2 Cambrian mass extinctions -- 21.3 The terminal Ordovician mass extinction -- 21.4 The impact of early land plants -- 21.5 Silurian biotic crises -- 21.6 Devonian mass extinctions -- 21.7 Major changes of the global ecosystem in Carboniferous time -- 21.8 Low-elevation glaciation near the equator -- 21.9 Drying of climates -- 21.10 A double mass extinction in the Permian -- 21.11 The absence of recovery in the early Triassic -- 21.12 The terminal Triassic crisis -- 21.13 The rise of atmospheric oxygen since early in Triassic time -- 21.14 The Toarcian anoxic event -- 21.15 Phytoplankton, planktonic foraminifera, and the carbon cycle -- 21.16 Diatoms and the silica cycle -- 21.17 Cretaceous climates. , 21.18 The sudden Paleocene-Eocene climatic shift -- 21.19 The cause of the Eocene-Oligocene climatic shift -- 21.20 The re-expansion of reefs during Oligocene time -- 21.21 Drier climates and cascading evolutionary radiations on the land -- References -- 22. Geobiology of the Anthropocene -- 22.1 Introduction -- 22.2 The Anthropocene -- 22.3 When did the Anthropocene begin? -- 22.4 Geobiology and human population -- 22.5 Human appropriation of the Earth -- 22.6 The carbon cycle and climate of the Anthropocene -- 22.7 The future of geobiology -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Index -- Colour plates.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    San Diego :Elsevier Science & Technology,
    Keywords: Marine plankton. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (472 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780080550510
    DDC: 577.7/15
    Language: English
    Note: Front Cover -- Evolution of Primary Production in the Sea -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1: An Introduction to Primary Producers in the Sea: Who They Are, What They Do, and When They Evolved -- I. What Is Primary Production? -- II. How Is Photosynthesis Distributed in the Oceans? -- III. What Is the Evolutionary History of Primary Production in the Oceans? -- IV. Concluding Comments -- References -- Chapter 2: Oceanic Photochemistry and Evolution of Elements and Cofactors in the Early Stages of the Evolution of Life -- I. Energy Requirements for Life -- II. Prebiotic Photochemistry-UV and Oceanic Photochemistry -- III. Evolution of Cofactors -- A. Metals -- B. Cofactors -- IV. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3: The Evolutionary Transition from Anoxygenic to Oxygenic Photosynthesis -- I. Earliest Evidence for Photosynthesis and the Nature of the Earliest Phototrophs -- II. Structural Conservation of the Core Structure of Photosynthetic Reaction Centers During Evolution -- III. The Structural and Mechanistic Differences Between the Anoxygenic Reaction Centers of Type II and Photosystem II of Oxygenic Organisms -- IV. Evolutionary Scenarios for How the Transition from Anoxygenic to Oxygenic Photosynthesis May Have Taken Place -- V. Conclusions and Prospects for the Future -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4: Evolution of Light-Harvesting Antennas in an Oxygen World -- I. How Cyanobacteria Changed the World -- II. Light-Harvesting Antennas and the Evolution of the Algae -- III. Phycobilisomes -- IV. The ISIA/PCB Family -- V. About Chlorophylls -- VI. The LHC Superfamily -- A. The Light-Harvesting Antennas -- B. The Stress-Response Connection -- C. Prokaryotic Ancestry of the LHC Superfamily -- VII. Overview -- Acknowledgments -- References. , Chapter 5: Eukaryote and Mitochondrial Origins: Two Sides of the Same Coin and Too Much Ado About Oxygen -- I. Cell Evolution With and Without Endosymbiosis -- II. The Standard Model of How and Why the Mitochondrion Become Established -- III. There are at Least 12 Substantial Problems with the Standard Model -- IV. The Same 12 Issues from the Standpoint of an Alternative Theory -- V. Criticism and Defense of the Hydrogen Hypothesis -- VI. Intermezzo -- VII. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6: Photosynthesis and the Eukaryote Tree of Life -- I. The Eukaryotes -- II. Overview of the Tree -- A. Opisthokonts -- B. Amoebozoa -- C. Rhizaria (Formerly Cercozoa) -- D. Archaeplastida -- E. Chromalveolates -- F. Excavates -- G. Incertae Sedis -- III. The Eukaryote Root -- IV. Oxygenic Photosynthesis Across the Eukaryote Tree of Life -- A. Opisthokonts -- B. Amoebozoa -- C. Rhizaria -- D. Archaeplastida -- E. Chromalveolates -- F. Excavates and Incertae Sedis -- V. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: Plastid Endosymbiosis: Sources and Timing of the Major Events -- I. General Introduction to Plastid Endosymbiosis -- II. Primary Plastid Origin and Plantae Monophyly -- A. Generating the Eukaryotic Phylogeny -- B. Molecular Clock Analyses -- C. Conclusions of Plantae Phylogenetic and Molecular Clock Analyses -- III. Secondary Plastid Endosymbiosis -- IV. Tertiary Plastid Endosymbiosis -- V. Summary -- References -- Chapter 8: The Geological Succession of Primary Producers in the Oceans -- I. Records of Primary Producers in Ancient Oceans -- A. Microfossils -- B. Molecular Biomarkers -- II. The Rise of Modern Phytoplankton -- A. Fossils and Phylogeny -- B. Biomarkers and the Rise of Modern Phytoplankton -- C. Summary of the Rise of Modern Phytoplankton -- III. Paleozoic Primary Production -- A. Microfossils. , B. Paleozoic Molecular Biomarkers -- C. Paleozoic Summary -- IV. Proterozoic Primary Production -- A. Prokaryotic Fossils -- B. Eukaryotic Fossils -- C. Proterozoic Molecular Biomarkers -- D. Summary of the Proterozoic Record -- V. Archean Oceans -- VI. Conclusions -- A. Directions for Continuing Research -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 9: Life in Triassic Oceans: Links Between Planktonic and Benthic Recovery and Radiation -- I. Benthos -- A. Benthic Wastelands of the Early Triassic -- B. Middle Triassic Recovery of Benthic Ecosystems -- C. Late Triassic Benthic Boom: Supersize Me -- II. Plankton -- A. Early Triassic Disaster Species -- B. Middle Triassic Oxygen and Evolution -- C. Late Triassic Rise of Modern Phytoplankton -- III. Benthic-Planktonic Coupling in Triassic Oceans -- A. Common Driver -- B. Plankton Control -- C. Feedback from the Benthos -- D. Assistance from the Plankton -- IV. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 10: The Origin and Evolution of Dinoflagellates -- I. Paleontological Data -- II. Phylogeny of Dinoflagellates -- A. Sources of Information -- B. The Phylogeny -- C. Reconciling Molecular and Morphological Phylogenies -- III. The Plastids of Dinoflagellates -- IV. Dinoflagellates in the Plankton -- References -- Chapter 11: The Origin and Evolution of the Diatoms: Their Adaptation to a Planktonic Existence -- I. The Hallmark of the Diatoms: The Silica Frustule -- A. Frustule Shape and Ornamentation and Their Bearings on Diatom Taxonomy -- B. Frustule Construction -- II. Diatom Phylogeny -- A. The Heterokont Ancestry of the Diatoms -- B. Diatom Phylogenies -- C. The Life Cycle and Its Bearings on Phylogeny -- III. The Origin of the Frustule -- A. The Origin of Silica Sequestering and Metabolism -- B. The Evolution of the Frustule in Vegetative Cells -- IV. The Fossil Record. , A. The Early Fossil Record of the Heterokontophytes -- B. The Fossil Record of the Diatoms -- V. The Success of the Diatoms in the Plankton -- A. The Paleo-Environmental Settings and the Fates of the Various Phytoplankton Lineages -- B. Why Did Chromists Win Over Prasinophytes or Red Microalgae? -- C. Why Did Heterokontophytes Win Over Haptophytes and Dinoflagellates? -- D. Why Did Diatoms Win Over Other Heterokontophytes? -- VI. Cryptic Diversity in Planktonic Diatoms and Its Bearing on Evolution -- VII. The Dawning Future of Diatom Research: Genomics -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 12: Origin and Evolution of Coccolithophores: From Coastal Hunters to Oceanic Farmers -- I. Coccolithophores and the Biosphere -- II. What Is a Coccolithophore? -- A. Coccoliths and Coccolithogenesis -- III. The Haptophytes -- IV. Tools and Biases in the Reconstruction of Coccolithophore Evolution -- V. The Evolution of Haptophytes up to the Invention of Coccoliths: From Coastal Hunters to Oceanic Farmers? -- A. The Origin of the Haptophytes and Their Trophic Status -- B. Paleozoic Haptophytes and the Ancestors of the Coccolithophores -- VI. The Origin of Calcification in Haptophytes: When, How Many Times, and Why? -- A. Genetic Novelties? -- B. Multiple Origins for Coccolithogenesis? -- C. Environmental Forcing on the Origin of Haptophyte Calcification -- D. Why Were Coccoliths Invented? -- VII. Macroevolution Over the Last 220 Million Years -- A. Forces Shaping the Evolution of Coccolithophores and Coccolithogenesis -- B. Broad Patterns of Morphological Diversity -- C. Oligotrophy and Water Chemistry -- D. Changes in Morphostructural Strategies -- VIII. The Future of Coccolithophores -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 13: The Origin and Early Evolution of Green Plants -- I. Green Plants Defined -- II. Green Plant Body Plans. , A. Green Plant Life Histories -- III. The Core Structure of the Green Plant Phylogenetic Tree -- A. The Archegoniate Line -- B. The Chlorophyte Line -- C. The Prasinophytes -- IV. Difficulties in the Green Plant Phylogenetic Tree -- A. The Identity of the Lineage Ancestral to Green Plants -- B. The Early Diversification of the "Seaweed" Orders -- V. Green Plants in the Modern Marine Environment -- VI. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 14: Armor: Why, When, and How -- I. Why Armor -- A. History of The Concept "Armor" Applied to Plankton -- B. Why Should Protists and the Pelagial Be Different? -- C. Form and Function in Sessile and Drifting Photoautotrophs -- D. Attacking Organisms/Attacking Tools -- E. Ingestors or Predators -- II. When -- III. How -- A. Material -- B. The Geometry -- C. Lightweight Constructions of Phytoplankton Armor -- D. Spines and Large Size -- E. Other Functional Explanations -- IV. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 15: Does Phytoplankton Cell Size Matter? The Evolution of Modern Marine Food Webs -- I. Size Matters: From Physiological Rates to Ecological and Evolutionary Patterns -- A. Size Scaling of Physiological Rates -- B. Size-Abundance Relationship -- C. Size-Diversity Relationship -- D. Size Matters: Food Web Structure and Function -- II. Resource Availability, Primary Production, and Size Structure of Planktonic and Benthic Food Webs -- III. Size and the Evolution of Marine Food Webs -- A. Increase in the Maximum Size of Living Organisms Through Time -- B. Organism Size Within Lineages Through Time (Cope's Rule) -- C. Climatically Driven Macroevolutionary Change in Organism Size -- D. The Evolution of the Modern Marine Food Web -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 16: Resource Competition and the Ecological Success of Phytoplankton. , I. Resource Acquisition and Measures of Competitive Ability.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    :HarperCollins Publishers,
    Keywords: Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (158 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780062853936
    DDC: 525
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Title Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Prologue: An Invitation -- 1: Chemical Earth -- 2: Physical Earth -- 3: Biological Earth -- 4: Oxygen Earth -- 5: Animal Earth -- 6: Green Earth -- 7: Catastrophic Earth -- 8: Human Earth -- Acknowledgments -- Further Reading -- Index -- About the Author -- Also by Andrew H. Knoll -- Copyright -- About the Publisher.
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  • 4
    Book
    Book
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Keywords: Geobiology ; Lehrbuch ; Geobiologie ; Biogeochemie ; Biomineralisation ; Nährstoffhaushalt ; Geomikrobiologie ; Geobiologie
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: XII, 443 S. , Ill., graph. Darst.
    Edition: 1. publ.
    ISBN: 9781405187527 , 9781118280812
    DDC: 577
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Princeton :Princeton University Press,
    Keywords: Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: No detailed description available for "Life on a Young Planet".
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (261 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781400866045
    Series Statement: Princeton Science Library ; v.35
    DDC: 576.8/3
    Language: English
    Note: Cover Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Preface to the New Paperback Edition -- Prologue -- Chapter 1 In the Beginning? -- Chapter 2 The Tree of Life -- Chapter 3 Life's Signature in Ancient Rocks -- Chapter 4 The Earliest Glimmers of Life -- Chapter 5 The Emergence of Life -- Chapter 6 The Oxygen Revolution -- Chapter 7 The Cyanobacteria, Life's Microbial Heroes -- Chapter 8 The Origins of Eukaryotic Cells -- Chapter 9 Fossils of Early Eukaryotes -- Chapter 10 Animals Take the Stage -- Chapter 11 Cambrian Redux -- Chapter 12 Dynamic Earth, Permissive Ecology -- Chapter 13 Paleontology ad Astra -- Epilogue -- Further Reading -- Index.
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  • 6
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: 37 S , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt
    Series Statement: Memoir / Paleontological Society 39
    DDC: 560.957
    Language: Undetermined
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  • 7
    Keywords: Marine productivity ; Marine plankton ; Marine plants Evolution ; Autotrophic bacteria Evolution ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift ; Plankton ; Primärproduktion ; Meeresplankton ; Autotrophe Bakterien ; Meer ; Phytoplankton ; Evolution
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: XIII, 441, [16] S. , Ill., graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 0123705185 , 9780123705181
    Series Statement: Fundamental life sciences
    DDC: 577.7/15
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 6 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: The stratigraphic importance of fossils is never more apparent than in attempts to unravel the complexities of metamorphic terrains. The age and stratigraphic relationships of the thick metasedimentary and metavolcanic succession of Prins Karls Forland, western Svalbard, have been the subject of investigation and debate since the early part of this century (Hoel 1914; Craig 1916; Tyrrel 1924), and sharply different interpretations have been proposed (e.g. Harland et al. 1979; Hjelle et al. 1979). Until now, such interpretations have been unconstrained by palaeontological data, an understandable consequence of the metamorphic alteration undergone by these rocks. In this paper, we report the discovery of stratigraphically useful microfossils preserved in chert nodules from carbonaceous, dolomitic shales on northern Prins Karls Forland. These fossils have significant implications for the stratigraphic and structural interpretation of Forland metasediments, as well as for the more general problem of palaeontological prospecting in severely deformed and metamorphosed terrains, including those characteristic of the Archean Eon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 27 (1999), S. 313-358 
    ISSN: 0084-6597
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Stromatolites are attached, lithified sedimentary growth structures, accretionary away from a point or limited surface of initiation. Though the accretion process is commonly regarded to result from the sediment trapping or precipitation-inducing activities of microbial mats, little evidence of this process is preserved in most Precambrian stromatolites. The successful study and interpretation of stromatolites requires a process-based approach, oriented toward deconvolving the replacement textures of ancient stromatolites. The effects of diagenetic recrystallization first must be accounted for, followed by analysis of lamination textures and deduction of possible accretion mechanisms. Accretion hypotheses can be tested using numerical simulations based on modern stromatolite growth processes. Application of this approach has shown that stromatolites were originally formed largely through in situ precipitation of laminae during Archean and older Proterozoic times, but that younger Proterozoic stromatolites grew largely through the accretion of carbonate sediments, most likely through the physical process of microbial trapping and binding. This trend most likely reflects long-term evolution of the earth's environment rather than microbial communities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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