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  • 1
    Keywords: Environment ; Analytical chemistry ; Geochemistry ; Environmental chemistry
    Description / Table of Contents: This volume focuses on modelling the fate of chemicals in the environment and the human body to arrive at an integrated exposure assessment. It covers five broad topics, namely: future challenges in exposure assessment; the evolution of human health and environmental risk assessment; standard documentation for exposure models; modelling different environmental components (i.e. surface waters, atmosphere, soil, groundwater, plants, aquatic organisms and mammals); and the fate of contaminants in humans. This work draws on the authors’ and editors’ extensive experience and a range of different research activities, including case studies, that have led to the development of MERLIN-Expo, a standardised software package for simulating the fate of chemicals in the main environmental systems and in the human body in an integrated manner. It will be of considerable interest to researchers and students, risk managers, and policy- and decision-makers whose work involves environmental protection and human health
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 262 p. 30 illus., 19 illus. in color, online resource)
    ISBN: 9783319595023
    Series Statement: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry 57
    RVK:
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford :Elsevier Science & Technology,
    Keywords: Pesticides -- Risk assessment. ; Rice -- Irrigation. ; Pesticides -- Environmental aspects. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: Rice is cultivated throughout the world under submerged conditions. The high water requirements and the heavy pesticide load used in rice paddies worldwide have resulted in contamination of associated surface water, such as streams, ditches, rivers and lakes. The uniform risk assessment approach which has been developed for other crops is not applicable to rice paddies, because of the specific conditions applied to rice cultivation. Pesticide Risk Assessment in Rice Paddies: Theory and Practice fills the gap in information on this subject. Written by experts, this book summarizes the methods used for pesticide risk assessment in rice paddies, the limitations and problems encountered and future developments. It also examines the various agronomic, pesticide application and risk assessment approaches used in different rice cultivated zones in Asia, America and Europe and is an essential reference for those working in this area. * The only up-to-date book dealing with pesticide risk assessment in the flooded conditions of rice paddies * Offers guidelines on the use and application of existing modeling tools, specific for rice cultivation * Presents the differences and similarities in rice cropping systems and how these relate to pesticide risk assessment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (267 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780080551142
    DDC: 363.7384987
    Language: English
    Note: Front cover -- Pesticide Risk Assessment in Rice Paddies:Theory and Practice -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Rice Cultivation in the E.U. Ecological Conditions and Agronomical Practices -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Rice Ecosystems -- 3. Rice Cultivation in Europe -- 4. Ecological Conditions -- 5. Agronomic Practices -- 6. Weeds and weed Management -- 7. Rice Diseases -- 8. Invertebrate Pests -- 9. Ripening and Harvesting -- 10. Paddy Drying Process and Product Preservation -- 11. Crop Management and Environment -- References -- Chapter 2. Regulatory Aspects of Pesticide Risk Assessment -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Legislative Framework -- 3. The Scientific Assessment of Active Substances -- 4. The Process of Pesticide Approvaland Registration -- 5. Current Developments in the Pesticide Regulatory Process in the EU -- References -- Chapter 3. Will Risk Assessment Help Risk Management? -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Knowledge Transfer Process -- 3. Management by Methodology -- 4. A Gradient from Science to Management -- References -- Chapter 4. Water Resource Contamination in Italian Paddy Areas -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Potential Non-Point Contamination -- 3. Defining Vulnerable Areas -- 4. Human Risk -- References -- Chapter 5. Ecotoxicology of Rice Pesticides -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Environmentaland Ecotoxicity Data for risk Assessment of Pesticides -- 3. Specific Issues Associated with Paddy Rice -- 4. Ecotoxicologicalassessment of Rice Pesticides -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6. Pesticide Exposure Assessment in Rice Paddies: The Lower-Tier Analysis -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Environmental fate Data Requirements -- 3. Definition of Scenarios for Exposure Assessment -- 4. Predicted Environmental Concentrations in Surface water and Sediment -- 5. Predicted Environmental Concentrations in Groundwater. , 6. Predicted Environmental Concentrations in Soil -- 7. Step 2 Exposure Assessment -- 8. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7. Higher Tier Exposure Assessment in Rice Paddy Areas: A European Perspective -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Exposure Assessment at tier 3: Paddy Field Scale Level -- 3. Exposure Assessment at tier 4: Basin-Scale Level -- 4. Concluding Remarks and the way Forward -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 8. Pesticide Exposure Assessment in Rice Paddy Areas: A Japanese Perspective -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Pesticide use in Japan -- 3. Pesticide Regulation in Japan -- 4. Tier System Approach in the New Pesticide Registration Scheme -- 5. Monitoring Pesticide Risk in Monsoon Asian Climate -- 6. Modeling the fate and Transport of Pesticides at Paddy Field and Watershed Scale -- 7. Risk Management for Reducing Pesticide Losses into Aquatic Environments in Asian Monsoon Climate -- 8. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9. Higher Tier Exposure Assessments in Rice Paddy Areas: An American Perspective -- 1. Overview of Rice Production in the United States -- 2. United States Environmental Protection Agency Tiered Process for risk Assessment -- 3. Tier 1 Assessment -- 4. Tier 2 Assessment (Ricewq/Exams) -- 5. Tier 3 Assessment (Ricewq/Rivwq Watershed) -- 6. Tier 4 Assessment (Monitoring/Mitigation) -- 7. Discussion -- 8. Disclaimer -- References -- Chapter 10. Socio-Economic and Environmental Cost-Benefit Analysis of Rice Cultivation -- 1. Introduction: Externalities, Public Goods and Economic Value of the Resource-Environment System -- 2. Towards a General Framework for a Social Cost-Benefit Analysis of Rice Cultivation -- 3. Economic Tools and Techniques for the Economic Evaluation of Costs and Benefits -- 4. Quantitative Assessment of Specific Aspects of Rice Cultivation -- 5. Major Issues and Perspectives for Future Work. , References -- Subject Index -- Colour Plate Section.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 40 (1992), S. 1071-1075 
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 43 (1995), S. 247-253 
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental management 26 (2000), S. 577-584 
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: KEY WORDS: Groundwater; Nonpoint pollution; Hazard; Agricultural practices; Land-management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports the results of a study aimed at the evaluation of the hazard level of farming activities in the province of Cremona, Italy, with particular reference to groundwater. The applied methodology employs a parametric approach based on the definition of potential hazard indexes (nonpoint-source agricultural hazard indexes, NPSAHI). Two categories of parameters were considered: the hazard factors (HF), which represent all farming activities that cause or might cause an impact on groundwater (use of fertilizers and pesticides, application of livestock and poultry manure, food industry wastewater, and urban sludge), and the control factors (CF), which adapt the hazard factor to the characteristics of the site (geographical location, slope, agronomic practices, and type of irrigation). The hazard index (HI) can be calculated multiplying the hazard factors by the control factors and, finally, the NPSAHI are obtained dividing HI into classes on a percentile basis using a scale ranging from 1 to 10. Organization, processing, and display of all data layers were performed using the geographical information system (GIS) ArcView and its Spatial Analyst extension. Results show that the potential hazard of groundwater pollution by farming activities in the province of Cremona falls mainly in the fifth class (very low hazard).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 50 (1993), S. 506-513 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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