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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore :Springer Singapore Pte. Limited,
    Keywords: Geology, Structural. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (115 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9789811050688
    Series Statement: Springer Theses Series
    DDC: 551.22
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Supervisor's Foreword -- Abstract -- Parts of this thesis have been published in the following journal articles: -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Isotropic Seismic Tomography in Taiwan -- 1.2 Anisotropic Seismic Tomography in Southern California -- References -- 2 Assessment of Tomography Models of Taiwan Using First-Arrival Times from the TAIGER Active-Source Experiment -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Observations of First-Arrival Times -- 2.2.1 Picking Onset Times from Waveform Records and Removing Elevation Effect -- 2.2.2 Elevation-Adjusted First-Arrival Times -- 2.3 Model Predictions of First-Arrival Times -- 2.3.1 Regional Models for Taiwan -- 2.3.2 Numerical Simulations -- 2.4 Comparisons Between Observed and Model-Predicted First-Arrival Times -- 2.5 Summary -- References -- 3 Crustal Velocity Variations in Taiwan Revealed by Active-Source Seismic Observations -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Data: Active-Source First-Arrival Times -- 3.3 2D Profiles of P-Wave Velocity Structure -- 3.3.1 Ray Tracing Modelling for Constructing 2D Models -- 3.3.2 2D P-Wave Velocity Profiles Across Taiwan -- 3.3.3 2D P-Wave Velocity Profiles in Northern Taiwan -- 3.4 3D Model of Northern Taiwan -- 3.4.1 Partition Modelling Tomography -- 3.4.2 Stabilization of the Ensemble Average Model -- 3.4.3 Resolution Tests -- 3.4.4 3D Model for Northern Taiwan -- 3.4.5 Correlation with Tectonic Provinces -- 3.4.6 Comparisons with Three Recent Tomography Models -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Full-Wave Effects on Shear-Wave Splitting -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Full-Wave Sensitivity of Splitting Intensity to Anisotropy -- 4.3 Full-Wave Effects on SKS Splitting Intensity -- 4.4 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Full-Wave Multiscale Anisotropy Tomography in Southern California -- 5.1 Introduction. , 5.2 Splitting Intensity Measurements and Full-Wave Sensitivity Kernels -- 5.3 Multiscale Inversion -- 5.4 Result and Discussion -- 5.5 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- References.
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  • 2
    Keywords: Earth sciences ; Earth Sciences ; Structural geology ; Geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: This book presents investigations on the Earth's seismic structure using both active-source and natural earthquake records. It discusses the ground-truth data obtained from the TAiwan Integrated GEodynamics Research (TAIGER) active-source experiments that provides excellent and unique insights into the shallow crustal structures beneath Taiwan. It also explores the full-wave sensitivity kernels, which account for the effects of all possible wave interferences involved in shear-wave splitting and therefore loosen the restrictions on source-receiver geometry amenable to shear-wave splitting analysis. Moreover, it describes the 3D Fréchet kernels, which enable us to resolve the vertical and lateral variations in seismic anisotropy and obtain 3D images of the Earth's anisotropic structure, as well as the practice in Southern California that enables us to infer the state of the stress and strain in the lithosphere and the dynamics of the asthenospheric mantle flow for a better understanding of the strength and deformation in the upper mantle beneath the San Andreas Fault system
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVII, 91 p. 41 illus., 36 illus. in color, online resource)
    ISBN: 9789811050688
    Series Statement: Springer Theses, Recognizing Outstanding Ph.D. Research
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental geology 40 (2000), S. 111-120 
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Keywords Geostatistical simulation ; GIS ; Kriging ; Spatial variability ; Transmissivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  A thorough understanding of the characteristics of transmissivity makes groundwater deterministic models more accurate. These transmissivity data characteristics occasionally possess a complicated spatial variation over an investigated site. This study presents both geostatistical estimation and conditional simulation methods to generate spatial transmissivity maps. The measured transmissivity data from the Dulliu area in Yun-Lin county, Taiwan, is used as the case study. The spatial transmissivity maps are simulated by using sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS), and estimated by using natural log ordinary kriging and ordinary kriging. Estimation and simulation results indicate that SGS can reproduce the spatial structure of the investigated data. Furthermore, displaying a low spatial variability does not allow the ordinary kriging and natural log kriging estimates to fit the spatial structure and small-scale variation for the investigated data. The maps of kriging estimates are smoother than those of other simulations. A SGS with multiple realizations has significant advantages over ordinary kriging and even natural log kriging techniques at a site with a high variation in investigated data. These results are displayed in geographic information systems (GIS) as basic information for further groundwater study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-02-19
    Print ISSN: 1365-8816
    Topics: Geography
    Published by Taylor & Francis
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-06-26
    Print ISSN: 1365-8816
    Topics: Geography
    Published by Taylor & Francis
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-04-01
    Description: In 2008, the TAiwan Integrated GEodynamics Research (TAIGER) project conducted an active-source experiment in which seismic records from 10 explosions were collected at nearly 1400 locations on the island of Taiwan. We use the first-arrival times manually picked from the explosion records to examine the P-wave travel-time variations resulting from the complex crust and uppermost mantle structures beneath Taiwan. Distributions of the observed first-arrival times exhibit characteristic patterns associated with vertical and lateral velocity variations present in different tectonic domains in the region. Aided by numerical simulations, we compare the observed first-arrival times with those predicted from a one-dimensional (1D) model and three three-dimensional (3D) tomography models for Taiwan that portray the underlying variations in seismic wave speeds frequently utilized to decipher the regional tectonic framework in Taiwan. We evaluate the quality of the four models by the goodness of fit between the observed and model-predicted travel times that demonstrates significant improvement of the 3D models over the 1D model. Statistical distributions of the differential travel-time residuals allow us to inspect quantitatively the overall effectiveness of these models in replicating the observed ground-truth first-arrival times so as to make an assessment of the strength and deficiency of the resolved velocity structures that agree with or contradict the travel-time observations from the explosion experiment.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-02-25
    Print ISSN: 1365-8816
    Topics: Geography
    Published by Taylor & Francis
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-03-28
    Print ISSN: 1365-8816
    Topics: Geography
    Published by Taylor & Francis
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2015-07-18
    Description: Remediation prioritization frequently falls short of systematically evaluating the underlying ecological value of different sites. This study presents a novel approach to delineating sites that are both contaminated by any of eight heavy metals and have high habitat value to high-priority species. The conservation priority of each planning site herein was based on the projected distributions of eight protected bird species, simulated using 900 outputs of species distribution models (SDMs) and the subsequent application of a systematic conservation tool. The distributions of heavy metal concentrations were generated using a geostatistical joint-simulation approach. The uncertainties in the heavy metal distributions were quantified in terms of variability among 1000 realization sets. Finally, a novel remediation decision-making approach was presented for delineating contaminated sites in need of remediation based on the spatial uncertainties of multiple realizations and the priorities of conservation areas. The results thus obtained demonstrate that up to 42% of areas of high conservation priority are also contaminated by one or more of the heavy metal contaminants of interest. Moreover, as the proportion of the land for proposed remediated increased, the projected area of the pollution-free habitat also increased. Overall uncertainty, in terms of the false positive contamination rate, also increased. These results indicate that the proposed decision-making approach successfully accounted for the intrinsic trade-offs among a high number of pollution-free habitats, low false positive rates and robustness of expected decision outcomes.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Electronic ISSN: 1660-4601
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2014-11-25
    Description: Tree species in mountainous areas are expected to shift their distribution upward in elevation in response to climate change, calling for a potential redesign of existing protected areas. This study aims to predict whether or not the distributions of two high-mountain tree species, Abies (Abies kawakamii) and Tsuga (Tsuga chinensis var. formosana), will significantly shift upward due to temperature change, and whether current protected areas will be suitable for conserving these species. Future temperature change was projected for 15 different future scenarios produced from five global climate models. Shifts in Abies and Tsuga distributions were then predicted through the use of species distribution models (SDMs) which included occurrence data of Abies and Tsuga, as well as seasonal temperature, and elevation. The 25 km × 25 km downscaled General Circulation Model (GCMs) data for 2020–2039 produced by the Taiwan Climate Change Projection and Information Platform was adopted in this study. Habitat suitability in the study area was calculated using maximum entropy model under different climatic scenarios. A bootstrap method was applied to assess the parameter uncertainty of the maximum entropy model. In comparison to the baseline projection, we found that there are significant differences in suitable habitat distributions for Abies and Tsuga under seven of the 15 scenarios. The results suggest that mountainous ecosystems will be substantially impacted by climate change. We also found that the uncertainty originating from GCMs and the parameters of the SDM contribute most to the overall level of variability in species distributions. Finally, based on the uncertainty analysis and the shift in habitat suitability, we applied systematic conservation planning approaches to identify suitable areas to add to Taiwan’s protected area network.
    Electronic ISSN: 1999-4907
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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