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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Singapore : Springer
    Schlagwort(e): Earth sciences ; Earth Sciences ; Structural geology ; Geophysics
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: This book presents investigations on the Earth's seismic structure using both active-source and natural earthquake records. It discusses the ground-truth data obtained from the TAiwan Integrated GEodynamics Research (TAIGER) active-source experiments that provides excellent and unique insights into the shallow crustal structures beneath Taiwan. It also explores the full-wave sensitivity kernels, which account for the effects of all possible wave interferences involved in shear-wave splitting and therefore loosen the restrictions on source-receiver geometry amenable to shear-wave splitting analysis. Moreover, it describes the 3D Fréchet kernels, which enable us to resolve the vertical and lateral variations in seismic anisotropy and obtain 3D images of the Earth's anisotropic structure, as well as the practice in Southern California that enables us to infer the state of the stress and strain in the lithosphere and the dynamics of the asthenospheric mantle flow for a better understanding of the strength and deformation in the upper mantle beneath the San Andreas Fault system
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXVII, 91 p. 41 illus., 36 illus. in color, online resource)
    ISBN: 9789811050688
    Serie: Springer Theses, Recognizing Outstanding Ph.D. Research
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Singapore :Springer Singapore Pte. Limited,
    Schlagwort(e): Geology, Structural. ; Electronic books.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    Seiten: 1 online resource (115 pages)
    Ausgabe: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9789811050688
    Serie: Springer Theses Series
    DDC: 551.22
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: Intro -- Supervisor's Foreword -- Abstract -- Parts of this thesis have been published in the following journal articles: -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Isotropic Seismic Tomography in Taiwan -- 1.2 Anisotropic Seismic Tomography in Southern California -- References -- 2 Assessment of Tomography Models of Taiwan Using First-Arrival Times from the TAIGER Active-Source Experiment -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Observations of First-Arrival Times -- 2.2.1 Picking Onset Times from Waveform Records and Removing Elevation Effect -- 2.2.2 Elevation-Adjusted First-Arrival Times -- 2.3 Model Predictions of First-Arrival Times -- 2.3.1 Regional Models for Taiwan -- 2.3.2 Numerical Simulations -- 2.4 Comparisons Between Observed and Model-Predicted First-Arrival Times -- 2.5 Summary -- References -- 3 Crustal Velocity Variations in Taiwan Revealed by Active-Source Seismic Observations -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Data: Active-Source First-Arrival Times -- 3.3 2D Profiles of P-Wave Velocity Structure -- 3.3.1 Ray Tracing Modelling for Constructing 2D Models -- 3.3.2 2D P-Wave Velocity Profiles Across Taiwan -- 3.3.3 2D P-Wave Velocity Profiles in Northern Taiwan -- 3.4 3D Model of Northern Taiwan -- 3.4.1 Partition Modelling Tomography -- 3.4.2 Stabilization of the Ensemble Average Model -- 3.4.3 Resolution Tests -- 3.4.4 3D Model for Northern Taiwan -- 3.4.5 Correlation with Tectonic Provinces -- 3.4.6 Comparisons with Three Recent Tomography Models -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Full-Wave Effects on Shear-Wave Splitting -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Full-Wave Sensitivity of Splitting Intensity to Anisotropy -- 4.3 Full-Wave Effects on SKS Splitting Intensity -- 4.4 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Full-Wave Multiscale Anisotropy Tomography in Southern California -- 5.1 Introduction. , 5.2 Splitting Intensity Measurements and Full-Wave Sensitivity Kernels -- 5.3 Multiscale Inversion -- 5.4 Result and Discussion -- 5.5 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- References.
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Environmental geology 40 (2000), S. 111-120 
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Schlagwort(e): Keywords Geostatistical simulation ; GIS ; Kriging ; Spatial variability ; Transmissivity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract  A thorough understanding of the characteristics of transmissivity makes groundwater deterministic models more accurate. These transmissivity data characteristics occasionally possess a complicated spatial variation over an investigated site. This study presents both geostatistical estimation and conditional simulation methods to generate spatial transmissivity maps. The measured transmissivity data from the Dulliu area in Yun-Lin county, Taiwan, is used as the case study. The spatial transmissivity maps are simulated by using sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS), and estimated by using natural log ordinary kriging and ordinary kriging. Estimation and simulation results indicate that SGS can reproduce the spatial structure of the investigated data. Furthermore, displaying a low spatial variability does not allow the ordinary kriging and natural log kriging estimates to fit the spatial structure and small-scale variation for the investigated data. The maps of kriging estimates are smoother than those of other simulations. A SGS with multiple realizations has significant advantages over ordinary kriging and even natural log kriging techniques at a site with a high variation in investigated data. These results are displayed in geographic information systems (GIS) as basic information for further groundwater study.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-02-19
    Print ISSN: 1365-8816
    Thema: Geographie
    Publiziert von Taylor & Francis
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-04-01
    Beschreibung: In 2008, the TAiwan Integrated GEodynamics Research (TAIGER) project conducted an active-source experiment in which seismic records from 10 explosions were collected at nearly 1400 locations on the island of Taiwan. We use the first-arrival times manually picked from the explosion records to examine the P-wave travel-time variations resulting from the complex crust and uppermost mantle structures beneath Taiwan. Distributions of the observed first-arrival times exhibit characteristic patterns associated with vertical and lateral velocity variations present in different tectonic domains in the region. Aided by numerical simulations, we compare the observed first-arrival times with those predicted from a one-dimensional (1D) model and three three-dimensional (3D) tomography models for Taiwan that portray the underlying variations in seismic wave speeds frequently utilized to decipher the regional tectonic framework in Taiwan. We evaluate the quality of the four models by the goodness of fit between the observed and model-predicted travel times that demonstrates significant improvement of the 3D models over the 1D model. Statistical distributions of the differential travel-time residuals allow us to inspect quantitatively the overall effectiveness of these models in replicating the observed ground-truth first-arrival times so as to make an assessment of the strength and deficiency of the resolved velocity structures that agree with or contradict the travel-time observations from the explosion experiment.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Digitale ISSN: 1943-3573
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-07-18
    Beschreibung: Remediation prioritization frequently falls short of systematically evaluating the underlying ecological value of different sites. This study presents a novel approach to delineating sites that are both contaminated by any of eight heavy metals and have high habitat value to high-priority species. The conservation priority of each planning site herein was based on the projected distributions of eight protected bird species, simulated using 900 outputs of species distribution models (SDMs) and the subsequent application of a systematic conservation tool. The distributions of heavy metal concentrations were generated using a geostatistical joint-simulation approach. The uncertainties in the heavy metal distributions were quantified in terms of variability among 1000 realization sets. Finally, a novel remediation decision-making approach was presented for delineating contaminated sites in need of remediation based on the spatial uncertainties of multiple realizations and the priorities of conservation areas. The results thus obtained demonstrate that up to 42% of areas of high conservation priority are also contaminated by one or more of the heavy metal contaminants of interest. Moreover, as the proportion of the land for proposed remediated increased, the projected area of the pollution-free habitat also increased. Overall uncertainty, in terms of the false positive contamination rate, also increased. These results indicate that the proposed decision-making approach successfully accounted for the intrinsic trade-offs among a high number of pollution-free habitats, low false positive rates and robustness of expected decision outcomes.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Digitale ISSN: 1660-4601
    Thema: Energietechnik , Medizin
    Publiziert von MDPI Publishing
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-02-22
    Beschreibung: In this study, a deconvolution procedure was used to create a variogram of oral cancer (OC) rates. Based on the variogram, area-to-point (ATP) Poisson kriging and p-field simulation were used to downscale and simulate, respectively, the OC rate data for Taiwan from the district scale to a 1 km × 1 km grid scale. Local cluster analysis (LCA) of OC mortality rates was then performed to identify OC mortality rate hot spots based on the downscaled and the p-field-simulated OC mortality maps. The relationship between OC mortality and land use was studied by overlapping the maps of the downscaled OC mortality, the LCA results, and the land uses. One thousand simulations were performed to quantify local and spatial uncertainties in the LCA to identify OC mortality hot spots. The scatter plots and Spearman’s rank correlation yielded the relationship between OC mortality and concentrations of the seven metals in the 1 km cell grid. The correlation analysis results for the 1 km scale revealed a weak correlation between OC mortality rate and concentrations of the seven studied heavy metals in soil. Accordingly, the heavy metal concentrations in soil are not major determinants of OC mortality rates at the 1 km scale at which soils were sampled. The LCA statistical results for local indicator of spatial association (LISA) revealed that the sites with high probability of high-high (high value surrounded by high values) OC mortality at the 1 km grid scale were clustered in southern, eastern, and mid-western Taiwan. The number of such sites was also significantly higher on agricultural land and in urban regions than on land with other uses. The proposed approach can be used to downscale and evaluate uncertainty in mortality data from a coarse scale to a fine scale at which useful additional information can be obtained for assessing and managing land use and risk.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Digitale ISSN: 1660-4601
    Thema: Energietechnik , Medizin
    Publiziert von MDPI Publishing
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-02-25
    Print ISSN: 1365-8816
    Thema: Geographie
    Publiziert von Taylor & Francis
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-03-28
    Print ISSN: 1365-8816
    Thema: Geographie
    Publiziert von Taylor & Francis
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-06-26
    Print ISSN: 1365-8816
    Thema: Geographie
    Publiziert von Taylor & Francis
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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