Keywords:
Motor vehicles--Environmental aspects.
;
Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
The volume examines the impact that road vehicles have on the environment, and is vital for policy makers and academics in the field of pollution.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (265 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9781788011761
Series Statement:
Issn Series
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=4901180
DDC:
363.731
Language:
English
Note:
Cover -- Preface -- Contents -- Editors -- List of Contributors -- Road Vehicle Technologies and Fuels -- 1 Background -- 1.1 Fuels and Pollutants Emitted -- 2 Compression Ignition Engines -- 3 Spark Ignition Engines -- 4 Fuels for Transportation -- 4.1 Fuel Properties -- 4.2 Alternative Fuels -- 5 Market Share -- 6 Future Trends -- 6.1 Advanced Combustion Strategies -- 6.2 Cylinder Deactivation -- 6.3 Variable Compression Ratio -- 6.4 Variable Valve Actuation and Atkinson-Miller Cycles -- 6.5 Stop-Start -- References -- Gaseous and Particle Greenhouse Emissions from Road Transport -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions -- 3 Methane Emissions -- 4 Nitrous Oxide Emissions -- 5 Equivalent Carbon Dioxide Emissions -- 6 Particle Emissions -- 7 Future Trends -- References -- Local-acting Air Pollutant Emissions from Road Vehicles -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Fuel Type, Fuel Quality, and Vehicle Technology -- 2.1 Fuel Sulfur Reduction -- 2.2 Fuel Additives, Including Tetraethyl-lead, Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl, and Lube Oil Additives -- 2.3 Tailpipe NOx, CO, VOCs, and PM Emission Related to the Combination of Technology and Fuel -- 2.4 After-treatment Controls for Modern Vehicles -- 2.5 Fugitive VOC Emissions from Vehicles -- 2.6 Non-tailpipe PM Emissions from Vehicles -- 2.7 Electric and Fuel Cell Vehicles -- 3 Evolution of Roadway Emissions -- 3.1 Primary and Secondary Pollutants -- 3.2 Changes in Pollutant Concentrations Downwind of Roadways -- 3.3 Key Air Pollutants Associated with Roadway Emissions -- 4 Impacts on Human Health -- 4.1 Health Impacts of Near-roadway Exposures and Urban Air Pollution from Traffic Emissions -- 4.2 The Contributions of Mobile Sources to PM and O3 in Cities around the World -- 5 Impacts on the Natural and Built Environments -- 6 Impacts on Remote Sites -- 7 Global Trends in Emissions.
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8 Future Technologies and Projected Trends -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Water and Soil Pollution Implications of Road Traffic -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Primary Pollutants from Road Traffic -- 2.1 Pollutant Sources -- 2.2 Influential Factors in Pollutant Generation -- 2.3 Primary Pollutants -- 3 Pollutant Processes -- 3.1 Pollutant Build-up -- 3.2 Pollutant Wash-off -- 3.3 Impact of Climate Change on Pollutant Processes -- 3.4 Pollutant-Particulate Relationships and Mobility of Particle-bound Pollutants -- 4 Impacts of Traffic Pollutants -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Cardiovascular Health Effects of Road Traffic Noise -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Biological Mechanisms -- 2 Assessment of Traffic Noise Exposure in Epidemiological Studies -- 3 Health Studies of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults -- 3.1 Hypertension -- 3.2 Cardiovascular Disease Incidence, Morbidity and Mortality -- 3.3 Cardiovascular Risk Factors -- 3.4 Further Factors to Consider in the Interpretation of Epidemiological Studies: Confounding and Effect-modifying Factors -- 4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Environmental Impact of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Energy Storage and Conversion Technologies -- 3 Hybrid Vehicles -- 4 Impact of Different Usage Cases -- 5 Life Cycle Assessment -- 5.1 Battery Utilisation -- 5.2 Vehicle-to-grid -- 5.3 Battery Lifetime and Degradation -- 5.4 Recycling and Second Life -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Development Implications for Malaysia: Hydrogen as a Road Transport Fuel -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Energy Demand, Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions -- 3 Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles and Hydrogen Pathways -- 4 Concepts in Fostering Hydrogen in Transportation -- 5 Simulation Experiments -- 5.1 Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Model -- 5.2 Malaysian Social Accounting Matrix -- 5.3 Model Specifications.
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6 Scenarios and Results -- 7 The Way Forward -- References -- Latest Trends and New Challenges in End-of-life Vehicle Recycling -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Legislation on End-of-life Vehicle Recycling and Its Implications -- 2.1 Background on the Evolution of Legal Systems -- 2.2 Comparison of EPR-based ELV Recycling Laws -- 3 Popularization of Next-generation Vehicles and Their Impact on Vehicle Recycling -- 3.1 Significant Developments in the Popularization of Next-generation Vehicles -- 3.2 Trends in NGV Popularization -- 3.3 Effective Utilization of Waste Batteries from Next-generation Vehicles -- 3.4 Limitations on the Reuse and Recycling of Batteries -- 4 Effects of Second-hand Vehicle Exportation on International Resource Circulation and Emerging Cross-border Environmental Problems -- 4.1 The Two Sides of Second-hand Vehicle Exportation -- 4.2 Conditions and Characteristics of Second-hand Vehicle Exportation in Japan -- 4.3 Analysis of the Condition of Second-hand Vehicle Imports in Mongolia -- 4.4 Effect of Second-hand Vehicle Imports on Resource Recycling and the Environment -- 5 Environmental Pollution Caused by Improper End-of-life Vehicle Processing in Developing Countries: A Case Study on Lead Battery Recycling in Mongolia -- 5.1 Potential of Serious Environmental Damage -- 5.2 Overview of Field Investigations and Their Results -- 5.3 Challenges from a Case Study -- 6 Environmental Problems Associated with the Proliferation of Used Vehicles in Metro Manila, Philippines -- 6.1 Current State of Used Vehicles in the Philippines -- 6.2 Existing Legislation -- 6.3 Current Proposals to Undertake ELV Recycling -- 6.4 Future of ELV Recycling in Metro Manila -- 6.5 Challenges in Undertaking ELV Recycling in the Philippines -- 7 Recommendations and Challenges for the Future -- Notes and References -- Life Cycle Assessment of Road Vehicles.
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1 Life Cycle Assessment: A General Concept -- 1.1 Definition of the Goal and Scope of the Assessment -- 1.2 Life Cycle Inventory -- 1.3 Life Cycle Impact Assessment -- 1.4 Interpretation of Results and Conclusions -- 2 Life Cycle Analysis: Review of the State-of-the-art -- 3 Life Cycle Analysis of Road Vehicles -- 3.1 Material Life Cycle of Vehicles -- 3.2 Fuel Life Cycle of Vehicles -- 3.3 Vehicle Use Phase -- 4 Uncertainties and Limitations -- 5 Practical Example of Life Cycle Assessment: Comparison of Fuel Types for Cars -- 6 Life Cycle Assessment and the Role of the Road Transport Sector in Urban Air Quality -- 7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Subject Index.
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