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Biopolymers : Reuse, Recycling, and Disposal. (2013)

Niaounakis, Michael.

San Diego :Elsevier Science & Technology Books,

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Schlagwort(e): Biopolymers. ; Electronic books.

Materialart: Online-Ressource

Seiten: 1 online resource (433 pages)

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 9781455731541

Serie: Plastics Design Library

URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=1222585

Sprache: Englisch

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Series Page -- Biopolymers: Reuse, Recycling, and Disposal -- Copyright -- Contents -- Quote -- Foreword -- Abbreviations of Biopolymers -- 1 - Introduction to Biopolymers -- 1.1 Rationale for Use of Biopolymers -- 1.2 Types of Biopolymers -- 1.3 Polyesters -- 1.4 Poly(ether-ester)s -- 1.5 Aliphatic Polycarbonates -- 1.6 Polyamides -- 1.7 Poly(ester amide)s -- 1.8 Poly(ether amide)s -- 1.9 Polyurethanes (Bio-Based PUs) -- 1.10 Polysaccharides -- 1.11 Vinyl Polymers -- 1.12 Diene Polymers -- 1.13 Other Biodegradable Polymers -- 1.14 Biopolymer Compositions -- 1.15 Biodegradable Biopolymer Additives -- 1.16 Sources of Biopolymers -- 1.17 Applications and Parts -- 1.18 Sources of Scrap and Waste Biopolymers -- References -- 2 - Definitions and Assessment of (Bio)degradation -- 2.1 Define the Terms -- 2.2 Classification of Biopolymers -- 2.3 Biopolymers versus Oxodegradable Polymers -- 2.4 Types and Mechanisms of (Bio)degradation -- 2.5 (Bio)degradation Testing -- References -- 3 - Reuse -- 3.1 Recuperation -- 3.2 Restabilization -- 3.3 Blending Recycled Biopolymers with other Polymers -- 3.4 Modification of the Chemical Structure -- 3.5 Multiple Processing -- References -- 4 - Disposal -- 4.1 General -- 4.2 Landfilling -- 4.3 Biological Processes -- 4.4 (Bio)degradation in Water -- 4.5 Other Waste Disposal Systems -- 4.6 Destructive Thermal Processes -- References -- 5 - Physical Recycling -- 5.1 General -- 5.2 Grinding -- 5.3 Sorting -- 5.4 Drying -- References -- 6 - Chemical Recycling -- 6.1 Dry-Heat Depolymerization (in the Melt) -- 6.2 Hydrolysis/Solvolysis (Alcoholysis) -- 6.3 Hydrothermal Depolymerization -- 6.4 Enzymatic Depolymerization -- 6.5 Miscellaneous Processes -- References -- 7 - Degradability on Demand -- 7.1 Control of Degradation Rate -- 7.2 Suppression of (Bio)-degradability -- 7.3 Promotion of (Bio)-degradability. , References -- 8 - Developments and Trends in Patenting -- 8.1 Biopolymers and Patents -- 8.2 Patent Analysis -- 8.3 Prospects and Limitations of the Waste Treatment Options of Biopolymers -- 8.4 Conclusions -- 8.5 Development of New Waste Treatment Processes/Materials -- References -- 9 - Regulatory Aspects Framework -- 9.1 Standards -- 9.2 Certification -- References -- 10 - Economic Evaluation and Environmental Impacts -- 10.1 Economic Evaluation -- 10.2 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) -- 10.3 Environmental Impacts -- 10.4 Health and Safety Impacts -- References -- Appendix I -- Appendix II -- Appendix III -- Appendix IV - Databases Consulted -- Appendix V - Further Information Sources -- Institutions/Organizations -- Information/Magazines/Blogs -- Glossary -- Patents -- Applicants -- Inventors -- Author Index -- Index.

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Biopolymers : Applications and Trends. (2015)

Niaounakis, Michael.

San Diego :Elsevier Science & Technology Books,

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Schlagwort(e): Biopolymers -- Analysis. ; Electronic books.

Materialart: Online-Ressource

Seiten: 1 online resource (603 pages)

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 9780323354332

Serie: Plastics Design Library

URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=2146994

Sprache: Englisch

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Series Editor -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- Abbreviations of Biopolymers -- 1 - Definitions of Terms and Types of Biopolymers -- 1.1 General -- 1.2 Definition of Terms -- 1.3 Classification of Biopolymers -- 1.4 Types and Chemistry of Biopolymers -- 1.5 Polyesters -- 1.6 Poly(ether-esters) (Bio-Based) -- 1.7 Aliphatic Polycarbonates -- 1.8 Polyamides -- 1.9 Poly(ester amides) -- 1.10 Poly(ether amides) -- 1.11 Polyurethanes (Bio-Based PU) -- 1.12 Polysaccharides -- 1.13 Lignin -- 1.14 Vinyl Polymers -- 1.15 Diene Polymers -- 1.16 Other Biodegradable Polymers -- 1.17 Sources of Biopolymers -- Patents -- References -- 2 - Properties -- 2.1 Intrinsic Properties -- 2.2 Processing Properties -- 2.3 Product Properties -- Patents -- References -- 3 - Packaging -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.3 Bags, Sachets, and Nets -- 3.4 Containers -- 3.5 Funeral Devices -- Patents -- References -- 4 - Agriculture/Forestry/Fishery -- 4.1 Agriculture/Forestry -- 4.2 Fishery -- Patents -- References -- 5 - Electronics -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Electronic Devices -- 5.3 Audio Devices -- 5.4 Printed Circuit Boards -- 5.5 Insulators -- Patents -- References -- 6 - Automotive Applications -- 6.1 General -- 6.2 Vehicle Components -- 6.3 Interior Parts -- 6.4 Exterior Parts -- 6.5 Door Components -- 6.6 Electrical Components -- 6.7 Steering -- 6.8 Fuel and Exhaust System -- 6.9 Engine, Transmission, and Radiator -- 6.10 Wheel Parts -- 6.11 Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning -- 6.12 Hybrid and Electrical Vehicles -- Patents -- References -- 7 - Medical, Dental, and Pharmaceutical Applications -- 7.1 Biopolymers -- 7.2 Wound Enclosures, Body Implants, and Tissue Engineering Materials -- 7.3 Drug Delivery Matrices or Vehicles -- 7.4 Dentistry -- 7.5 Diagnostic or Therapeutic Imaging -- Patents -- References -- 8 - Cosmetics. , 8.1 Cleansing Preparations -- 8.2 Makeup and Other Facial Preparations -- 8.3 Hair Care Preparations -- 8.4 Sunscreen Preparations -- 8.5 Manicure and Pedicure Preparations -- 8.6 Accessories and Containers for Handling Cosmetic Substances -- Patents -- References -- 9 - Sports/Toys/Board Games -- 9.1 Sports Articles -- 9.2 Amusements -- Patents -- References -- 10 - Building and Construction Applications -- 10.1 Biopolymers Used as Building and Construction Materials -- 10.2 Construction and Building Materials -- 10.3 Biocomposites -- 10.4 Insulation Materials and Structures -- 10.5 Materials and Components of Interior Design/Decoration -- 10.6 Soil Erosion -- 10.7 Foundations, Pavings -- 10.8 Artificial Stones -- 10.9 Subterranean Constructions -- Patents -- References -- Glossary -- Index -- Index of Companies -- Index of Inventors -- Index of Patents.

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Management of Marine Plastic Debris (2017)

Niaounakis, Michael

Saint Louis : Elsevier Science

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Schlagwort(e): Plastics ; Environmental aspects ; Waste disposal in the ocean ; Electronic books

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Front Cover -- MANAGEMENT OF MARINE PLASTIC DEBRIS -- Series Page -- MANAGEMENT OF MARINE PLASTIC DEBRIS -- Copyright -- Quote -- Contents -- Foreword -- 1 - The Problem of Marine Plastic Debris -- 1.1 Definitions -- 1.2 Global Distribution -- 1.2.1 Pacific Ocean -- 1.2.2 Atlantic Ocean -- 1.2.3 Indian Ocean -- 1.2.4 Arctic Ocean -- 1.2.5 Southern Ocean -- 1.2.6 Mediterranean Sea -- 1.2.7 Coastal Areas and Harbors -- 1.2.8 Lakes, Rivers, Waterways -- 1.3 Origin of Marine Plastic Debris -- 1.3.1 Land-Based Sources -- 1.3.2 Sea-Based Sources -- 1.3.2.1 Fisheries -- 1.3.2.2 Ferries and Cruisers -- 1.3.2.3 Merchant Ships -- 1.3.2.4 Military Vessels -- 1.3.2.5 Recreational Boating -- 1.3.2.6 Aquaculture Facilities -- 1.3.2.7 Offshore Mining and Extraction Platforms -- 1.4 Types of Plastic Debris -- 1.4.1 Macroplastic Debris -- 1.4.1.1 Bottles, Containers -- 1.4.1.2 Films and Bags -- 1.4.1.3 Rubber Latex Items -- 1.4.1.3.1 Balloons -- 1.4.1.3.2 Condoms -- 1.4.1.4 Plastic Strapping -- 1.4.1.5 Foams -- 1.4.1.6 Sanitary Absorbent Items -- 1.4.1.7 Composites -- 1.4.1.8 Cigarette Butts -- 1.4.1.9 Fibers, Ropes, Fabrics -- 1.4.1.9.1 Ropes -- 1.4.1.10 Rubber Tires -- 1.4.1.11 Shotgun Wads -- 1.4.2 Microplastics -- 1.4.2.1 Cosmetics and Personal Hygiene Products -- 1.4.2.2 Microfibers -- 1.4.2.3 Marine Paints -- 1.4.2.4 Sandblasting Particles -- 1.4.3 Nanoplastics -- 1.5 Condition of Plastic Debris -- 1.5.1 Floating Plastic Debris -- 1.5.2 Submerged Plastic Debris -- 1.5.3 Beach Plastic Debris -- 1.6 Identity of Plastic Debris -- 1.6.1 Polyolefins -- 1.6.1.1 Polyethylene -- 1.6.1.2 Polypropylene -- 1.6.1.3 Oxodegradable Polyolefins -- 1.6.2 Polystyrene -- 1.6.3 Acrylic Fibers -- 1.6.4 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene -- 1.6.5 Styrene-Acrylonitrile -- 1.6.6 Poly(vinyl chloride) -- 1.6.7 Polyamides -- 1.6.8 Aromatic Polyesters -- 1.6.9 Polycarbonate

Materialart: Online-Ressource

Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (436 pages)

ISBN: 9780323443999

Serie: Plastics Design Library

URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/kxp/detail.action?docID=4901160

DDC: 363.728

Sprache: Englisch

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Comparison of two distinct phenolic antioxidants in γ-sterilized NR compounds used as rubber pistons in syringes for single use (1992)

Martakis, Nick ; Niaounakis, Michael

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Applied Polymer Science 46 (1992), S. 1737-1748

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ISSN: 0021-8995

Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik

Notizen: The effects of γ-irradiation and aging on pharmaceutical NR compounds have been studied mainly by DSC. The extent of aging was measured quantitatively by enthalpy changes and peak temperature shifts of the primary oxidation exotherm. Quantitative thermal evaluations were supplemented by extraction tests and mechanical testing. The NR compound formula has been kept constant and only the type and concentration of antioxidant was varied. Two distinct phenolic antioxidants, BHT and Wingstay-L at four different concentration levels, have been employed for this purpose. The most effective antioxidant package for a given elastomeric compound, subjected to γ-irradiation and aging, giving the lowest changes in physical properties, is evaluated. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070461005

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Gamma-sterilization effects and influence of the molecular weight distribution on the postirradiation resistance of polypropylene for medical devices (1994)

Martakis, Nick ; Niaounakis, Michael ; Pissimissis, Dimitris

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Applied Polymer Science 51 (1994), S. 313-328

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ISSN: 0021-8995

Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik

Notizen: In the present study, the dose-rate effects of γ-irradiation in air on two isotactic polypropylene grades of different molecular weight distribution, used for medical devices, were investigated. The thermal, mechanical, rheological, and photometric properties of these materials were examined using DSC, stress-strain measurements, MFI, and a yellow index. At low dose rates (0.12 Mrad/h), the oxygen diffusion parameter prevailed. At high dose rates (2.84 Mrad/h), the thermal degradation became dominant. However, at high dose rates, an increase in sample temperature was monitored. This temperature rise is thought to increase the oxygen diffusion rate, peroxide decomposition, and radical migration. As a result, intermediate dose rates (in the region of 0.72 Mrad/h) gave the lowest changes in physical properties in both samples. Furthermore, it was found that the polypropylene grade of broader molecular weight distribution and lower Mn had a higher γ-irradiation and postirradiation resistance. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070510214

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