Keywords:
Hydrodynamics.
;
Oceanography.
;
Oceans.
;
Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
'Introductory Dynamical Oceanography' 2nd ed provides an introduction to Dynamical Physical Oceanography at a level suitable for senior year undergraduate students in the sciences and for graduate students entering oceanography. It aims to present the basic objectives, procedures and successes and to state some of the present limitations of dynamical oceanography and its relations to descriptive physical oceanography. The first edition has been thoroughly revised and updated and the new work includes reference to the Practical Salinity Scale 1978, the International Equation of State 1980 and the beta-spiral technique for calculating absolute currents from the density distribution. In addition the description of mixed-layer models has been updated and the chapters on Waves and on Tides have been substantially revised and enlarged, with emphasis on internal waves in the Waves chapter. While the text is self-contained readers are recommended to acquaint themselves with the general aspects of descriptive (synoptic) oceanography in order to be aware of the character of the ocean which the dynamical oceanographer is attempting to explain by referring to Pickard and Emery's 'Descriptive Physical Oceanography' 4th edition.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (350 pages)
Edition:
2nd ed.
ISBN:
9780080570549
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=1934407
DDC:
551.4/7
Language:
English
Note:
Front Cover -- Introductory Dynamical Oceanography -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- List of Main Symbols used in Text -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Properties of Sea Water relevant to Physical Oceanography -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Density -- Chapter 3. The Basic Physical Laws used in Oceanography and Classifications of Forces and Motions in the Sea -- 3.1 Basic laws -- 3.2 Classification of forces and motions -- Chapter 4. The Equation of Continuity of Volume -- 4.1 The concept of continuity of volume -- 4.2 The derivation of the equation of continuity of volume -- 4.3 An application of the equation of continuity -- Chapter 5. Stability and Double Diffusion -- 5.1 Static stability -- 5.2 Double diffusion -- 5.3 Dynamic stability -- Chapter 6. The Equation of Motion in Oceanography -- 6.1 The form of the equation of motion -- 6.2 Obtaining solutions to the equations, including boundary conditions -- 6.3 The derivation of the terms in the equation of motion -- 6.4 Coordinate systems -- Chapter 7. The Role of the Non-linear Terms and the Magnitudes of Terms in the Equations of Motion -- 7.1 The non-linear terms in the equation of motion -- 7.2 Equations for the mean or average flow -- 7.3 Scaling the equations of motion -- Rossby number, Ekman number -- 7.4 Dynamic stability -- 7.5 Effects of rotation -- Chapter 8. Currents without Friction: Geostrophic Flow -- 8.1 Hydrostatic equilibrium -- 8.2 Inertial motion -- 8.3 Geopotential -- 8.4 The geostrophic equation -- 8.5 Deriving absolute velocities -- 8.6 Relations between isobaric and level surfaces -- 8.7 Relations between isobaric and isopycnal surfaces and currents -- 8.8 Comments on the geostrophic equation -- 8.9 The beta-spiral -- 8.10 Justification for using the geostrophic approach to obtain the speeds of strong currents.
,
Chapter 9. Currents with Friction -- Wind-driven Circulation -- 9.1 Wind-driven circulation--introduction -- 9.2 Nansen's qualitative argument -- 9.3 The equation of motion with friction included -- 9.4 Ekman's solution to the equation of motion with friction present -- 9.5 Sverdrup's solution for the wind-driven circulation -- 9.6 The general form of the Sverdrup equation-convergence and divergence -- 9.7 The mass transport stream function -- 9.8 Westward intensification--Stommel's contribution -- 9.9 The planetary wind field and the drag coefficient CD -- 9.10 Munk's solution -- 9.11 Vorticity -- 9.12 Westward intensification of ocean currents explained using conservation of vorticity -- 9.13 The equatorial current system -- 9.14 The boundary-layer approach -- Chapter 10. Thermohaline Effects -- 10.1 The deep circulation -- 10.2 Equations for salt and temperature (heat) conservation -- 10.3 Equations for the average salinity and temperature -- 10.4 Thermoclines and the thermohaline circulation -- 10.5 The mixed layer of the ocean -- Chapter 11. Numerical Models -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Numerical methods -- 11.3 General approach to numerical modelling of ocean circulations -- 11.4 Descriptions of some models of individual oceans -- 11.5 Two models of the circulation of the world ocean -- 11.6 Models with mesoscale eddies -- 11.7 Comments on the numerical model solutions -- Chapter 12. Waves -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Some general characteristics of waves -- 12.3 Small amplitude waves -- 12.4 Finite amplitude effects -- 12.5 Refraction and breaking in shallow water -- diffraction -- 12.6 Measurement of waves -- 12.7 The generation of wind waves -- practical wave analysis and forecasting -- 12.8 Tsunamis or seismic sea waves -- 12.9 Internal waves -- 12.10 Effects of rotation -- Chapter 13. Tides -- 13.1 Introduction.
,
13.2 The tide-producing forces -- 13.3 Ocean responses to the tide-producing forces-tidal theories -- 13.4 The practical approach to tidal analysis and prediction -- 13.5 The measurement of tides -- 13.6 Tides in typical ocean regions -- 13.7 Tidal currents -- 13.8 Internal tides -- 13.9 Tidal friction and the moon's motion -- 13.10 Storm surges -- 13.11 Epilogue -- Chapter 14. Some Presently Active and Future Work -- Appendix 1: Mathematical Review with Some Elementary Fluid Mechanics -- A.1.1 Introduction -- A.l.2 Scalars and vectors -- A.1.3 Derivatives -- A.1.4 Integrals -- A.1.5 Fields -- A.1.6 Descriptions of fluid flow -- A.1.7 Convergences and divergences -- A.1.8 Hydrostatic or sea pressure -- A.1.9 Slope effects -- A.1.10 Compressibility -- A.1.11 Equation of state -- A.1.12 Centripetal and centrifugal forces -- Appendix 2: Units Used in Physical Oceanography -- A.2.1 Introduction -- A.2.2 Base units -- A.2.3 Derived and temporary units -- A.2.4 Units used in dynamical oceanography and some numerical values -- Appendix 3: Sources of Information for the Estimation of Specific Volume and Density from Values of Salinity, Temperature and Pressure -- A.3.1 The table method -- A.3.2 International Equation of State of Sea Water, 1980 -- Bibliography -- B.l Introduction -- B.2 Suggestions for further reading -- B.3 Sources of Data -- B.4 Journal references -- Index.
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